Apa yang anda ketahui tentang summary route

Kali ini saya akan berbagi sedikit mengenai apa yang saya ketahui mengenai  summarizing routes. Saya mendefinisikannya sebagai suatu metode yang digunakan dalam mendesain sebuah internetwork untuk mengurangi update route yang dilakukan oleh routing protocol. Summarization dilakukan dengan menciptakan blok-blok alamat Network yang berurutan pada area-area yang spesifik dari sebuah internetwork. Dengan cara tersebut kita akan dengan mudah merangkum (summarize) network dan mengurangi update route yang dilakukan oleh routing table.

Summarization atau supernetting menyediakan update-update dengan cara seefisien mungkin dengan cara mengirimkan informasi (advertise) tentang banyak route dalam satu pemberitahuan (advertisement) ketimbang melakukannya satu per satu. Bahasa gampangnya merangkum informasi route yang seharusnya dikirim satu per satu menjadi satu kali pemberitahuan. Dengan cara seperti ini akan menghemat banyak bandwidth dan meminimalkan pekerjaan router. Yang perlu diingat, Summarization hanya akan bekerja jika kita merancang network dengan benar. Kita tidak bisa memberikan subnet IP ke sembarang lokasi di network kita. 

Informasi mengenai bayak route dapat dirangkum menjadi satu pemberitahuan jika;

1.  Network-network yang dituju dapat dirangkum menjadi satu alamat network 

2  .Network-network yang dituju menggunakan exit-interface atau next-hope IP address yang sama

OK, Langsung ke contoh aja…. Kita akan coba summarize topologi di bawah ini

Dari topologi diatas, R3 mempunyai 3 satic routes. Ketiga route tersebut meneruskan trafiknya ke luar menggunakan interface yang sama yaitu interface s0/0/1. Ketiga static routes pada R3 adalah :

1.    ip route 172.16.1.0 255.255.255.0 Serial0/0/1
2.    ip route 172.16.2.0 255.255.255.0 Serial0/0/1
3.    ip route 172.16.3.0 255.255.255.0 Serial0/0/1

Nah,,, Ketiga static route tersebut dapat kita ringkas menjadi satu static route yaitu network  172.16.0.0/22. Karena Subnet-subnet tersebut menggunakan exit interface yang sama maka kita dapat merangkumnya menjadi network 172.16.0.0 255.255.252.0.

Ok guys, here are the process of creating summary routes

      2.  Untuk menemukan subnet mask untuk summarization, mulai dengan bit paling kiri

       3.  Bergeser terus ke kanan, hingga kita menemukan kolom dimana bit-bit sudah tidak sama, Pada tahap ini  

           dinamakan summary boundary

           jadikan subnet mask untuk summarized route. /22 atau 255.255.252.0 

            5.  Untuk menemukan alamat jaringan untuk summarization, salin 22 bit yang sama dan tambahkan bit 0   

           sisanya untuk melengkapi 32 bit.

Dengan mengikuti langkah-langkah tadi kita akan mengetahui bahwa 3 satic routes tersebut dapat di summarize menjadi satu static route yaitu menggunakan network 172.16.0.0 255.255.252.0

Jadi pada konfigurasi router kita cukup mengetikkan syntax berikut:

R3(config)#ip route 172.16.0.0 255.255.252.0 serial0/0/1

SEKIAN

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Route summarization -- also known as route aggregation -- is a method to minimize the number of routing tables in an IP network. It consolidates selected multiple routes into a single route advertisement. This differentiates it from flat routing, in which every routing table carries a unique entry for each route. In basic terms, a route advertisement contains information that devices can use to communicate across an IP network.

Route summarization advertises a bunch of contiguous routes from the routing table in the form of a single summarized or aggregated route. For this feature to work, two or more routes must be contiguous, i.e., adjacent or adjoining.

Route summarization explained

In an enterprise network, subnetting is the process of lengthening the mask to create multiple smaller subnetworks, or subnets. Route summarization is the opposite process. It involves shortening the mask to include several smaller networks into one larger network address. This is why it is also known as supernetting.

As the network size increases, the number of individual networks listed in the IP route table also increases, as does packet size. Routers cannot effectively handle a large number of subnetworks, which leads to slowdowns, packet losses and even crashes. That's why it's important to reduce the number of entries in the route table, which is what route summarization accomplishes.

With route summarization, many routes are advertised with just one line in an update packet, which not only reduces the packet size, but also allows more bandwidth for data transfer.

Why is route summarization important?

If a router needs to advertise 50 routes, it will need 50 specific lines in its update packet. As these routes increase, the number of lines required also increases, expanding packet size and the amount of bandwidth used. That means there will be less bandwidth available for actual data transfer.

Route summarization enables multiple routes to be advertised with only one line in an update packet, reducing the packet size and leaving more bandwidth for data transfer.

Also, each time a new data flow enters a router, it must identify which interface the traffic must be sent out to. For this, it must perform a lookup in its routing table. This process takes longer for large routing tables and requires more router central processing unit (CPU) cycles to route traffic.

Route summarization can eliminate this problem by minimizing both the time required to perform lookup and reducing the number of CPU cycles.

Route summarization advantages

Route aggregation offers several advantages, including the following:

• reduces the number of entries in the route table, which reduces the load on the router and network overhead for routing protocols;
• minimizes latency in a complex network, especially when many routers are involved;
• reduces or eliminates unnecessary routing updates after part of the network undergoes a change in CPU cycles topology;
• hides instability in the system behind the summary that remains valid even in the absence of summarized networks;
• saves memory since routing tables will be smaller in size;
• helps save bandwidth as there are fewer routes to advertise; and
• reduces processor workloads and saves, since there are fewer packets to process and smaller routing tables to work on.

Route summarization disadvantages

There are two main disadvantages of route aggregation:

1. Suboptimal routing. Misconfigured route summarization may result in suboptimal routing. Route summarization may also create inconsistent routing if a network has noncontiguous subnetworks. When using summaries, the router may prefer another path where it has learned a more specific network form, which may not be the most optimal routing method.
2. Forwarding traffic for unused networks. If the router doesn't find a matching destination in its routing table, it will start dropping traffic, leading to data loss. Also, the summary route may cover unused networks. The router that has a summary route will forward traffic to the router that advertised the summary route.

To avoid suboptimal or incorrect routing and to prevent routers from inaccurately advertising networks or duplicating other routers' advertisements, it's important to design networks with summarization in mind. Advance planning and leaving room for future network growth can help with the design of a scalable network that supports route summarization.

Enabling or disabling automatic route summarization

Depending on the routing protocol, network layout and requirements, the route summarization feature can be enabled or disabled.

Different routing protocols use this feature differently. For example, to implement route summarization in IPv4, Classless Inter-Domain Routing must be used. All IP addresses in the route advertisement must share identical high-order bits. The length of the prefix must not exceed 32 bits.

Routing Information Protocol (RIP) and Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol both support route summarization. They also summarize all the contiguous networks across the network class boundaries automatically. On the other hand, Open Shortest Path First, a link-state routing protocol, does not summarize any type of routing information.

To enable automatic route summarization on RIPv2, for example, the auto-summary command must be used from the router's sub-config mode.

To disable automatic route summarization, the no auto-summary command must be used from the same mode.