Page 2
a few dozen people, and that beards are detected and called at such a distance that usually the owner of the beard is out of earshot of the players. THE BENEFIT OF INDEMNITIES The rules of the American game of “ Zitz" are different and more elaborate than its English cousin “ Beaver.” Any number To the Editor of THE NEW STATESMAN. of people may play the American game. Ordinary beards Sır,—In your arti in last week's NEW STATESMAN, in count one point, negro beards five points, and red beards ten falling below a line drawn from the which you discuss the Manchester Guardian's No. 8 Reconstruction points. A “ side-burn” corner of the ear to the mouth counts as one point. A beard Supplement, I was surprised to read the following passage : must be two weeks old before it can be counted, and if there is “ In given circumstances,” writes Mr. Keynes, Germany can any doubt as to its age, the player must ask the possessor of the very well transfer year by year to France, and Great Britain to the incipient beard. This has never been done to my knowledge. United States, sums comparable to those by which in pre-war days If a player calls a beard by mistake, where the person pointed to they were wont to augment their foreign investments. Justice has no beard or where the growth is not attached to any point requires it and economic fact allows it.” The idea, popular in certain below the mouth, the player loses all the points he then has. Radical circles in this country, that international payments are The game is played to a time-limit, the duration of which is necessarily disadvantageous to those who receive them (in gold or decided by the players. There are, of course, no royal Zitzes” goods), finds little or no support. corresponding to a royal Beavers ” with us, but we might sub stitute for that the “Zitzes ” of certain famous statesmen. I do not know to what Radical circles you refer, but I am This letter will be as much of a surprise to American as to sure that you will be interested to hear that the circle which British readers, for 99.999 per cent. of Americans know nothing includes the Liberal Publication Department is not one of them. of the game. Still, I am anxious to testify to the latent possiA year and seven months ago the Department published a pamph- bilities of developing the game in America, and to call attention let called, How to make Germany Pay: the Case for to the bond of amity which exists among Anglo-Saxon races that Moderation,” the greater part of which had appeared under my makes such a game appeal to certain temperaments on both name in the Daily News of February 25th, 1921. May I quote sides of the Atlantic.—Yours, etc., HOMER HOYT. two short passages ? North Carolina. The truth about the matter is simple enough. Germany can pay -but not much just yet. She can only pay by the excess of her exports over her imports. These exports must arise in response to the natural demand of foreign customers. They will therefore be of all kinds, and will be moderate in amount. Such exports will not injure but will benefit the countries that receive the indemnity, ... AL WASAL Before the war Germany's exports did exceed her imports. What became of this surplus ? Germany did not leave an annual balance OR overseas for no consideration. She left it as an investment of capital in foreign countries. Now, this is what Germany will be able to pay THE MERGER as a war indemnity. When time has been allowed for the reestablishment of her industries, there will again be an export surplus ; (Being one more Mercy of Allah: The Unchanging : but instead of investing it in foreign countries for her own benefit, The Compassionate.) Germany will hand it over to the Allied Powers. In other words, instead of lending us these sums, Germany will give them to us HAD been in this town not more than three days, outright. my dear nephews,” said Mahmoud, with a Proceeding to an independent calculation of Germany's benevolent smile, “ when I lit upon one more average export surplus before the war, I came to the conclusion happy accident whereby (as it seemed to me) Providence that, after the necessary interval for recovery, Germany would might permit me to advance the welfare of my fellow beings. be able to pay about one hundred millions sterling a year I know not whether the Merciful, the Just, put it in my the figure which, as you say, is generally agreed upon by the mind : I only know that for many years the opportunity economists. I hope you will not mind my saying that, writing had lain there patent to every eye (one would think) yet for this particular Radical circle, I was the first to call attention never used. But Allah has his instruments, and he chose me. to the similarity between paying an indemnity to a foreign The town stood, I must tell you, upon either bank of a country and investing capital in it. I need hardly add that I rapid river. This came down from the slopes of the mounagree with Mr. Keynes also on the further point that, after all tains to the north, and sprang, immediately above the that has happened in the past two years, the right policy for us northern gate, from two torrents which united their waters is to allow all that Germany can pay to go to the other members to form the main stream. Each of these torrents ran with of the Allied group.—Yours, etc., force down a gorge of its own, the one on the east, the other HAROLD STOREY on the west of the watersmeet. On each stood, at a distance (Editor, Liberal Magazine). of half-an-hour's slow walk from the city walls, a mill of ancient date, which ground the corn of the citizens and “ BEAVER” provided them with flour for their bread. That called the To the Editor of THE NEW STATESMAN. East Mill belonged to Hakim, a very worthy man, some Sir,—The article entitled “ Beaver " which appeared in The fifty years of age, who had a plain simple face, an ample New STATESMAN of August 12th was most interesting, and it grey beard, and the carriage of a man of substance, neither was a revelation to me to learn that the English share with us very wealthy nor embarrassed. All respected him. He a particular sense of humour which I thought was peculiarly was at ease with himself and mankind. He had inherited American. However, I would like to make one small correction the mill from his father, and his father before him. in reference to the following sentence : “ Whatever its future, “That called the West Mill belonged to Selim, a very however, we feel sure that it will remain a purely English game." worthy man, some fifty years of age, who had a plain, simple As a matter of fact, a similar game called “ Zitz” has been played face, an ample grey beard, and the carriage of a man of in America for several years. It is true that the devotees of the substance, neither very wealthy nor embarrassed. All game are very few in number, it being confined so far as my respected him. He was at ease with himself and mankind. knowledge goes, to the State of Delaware, and more particularly He had inherited the mill from his father and his father to the University of Delaware, but the American species of the before him. game, while rare, nevertheless does exist and does constitute an “I had heard of these two mills on the day of first exception to the broad statement just quoted. The following sentences immediately following the one just and of their trade-how each did, on the whole, the same arrival; and on the third day I heard more of their owners, quoted are also subject to qualification : It is a game that could only be played by a race of men who could keep their faces amount of business ; now one more, now one less, but year straight. Foreigners are too excitable. They would come to in and year out much of a muchness. “The city needs' blows." (said the chief Corn Chandler, of whom I learnt these particuNow, the few Americans who do play " Zitz” play it with all lars).‘about 10,000 measures of flour in the year, and of these the enthusiasm and excitability that is characteristic of them. They level an accusing finger at the obtruding fringe and yell Hakim, one way and another, will grind about 5,000, and * Zitz!” loud enough to attract the attention of all the by Provider, to the Bountiful, who nourishes mankind with Selim, one way and another, about 5,000. Glory be to the “ standers in the immediate vicinity. Nevertheless, so far no casualties have been recorded. This is due perhaps to the fact harvests. that the game is played by such a relatively small number of “Next day I sauntered to the market and, having had people that the magic word“ Zitz means nothing to all except these two pointed out to me, I passed carelessly by them, Page 3
LIVES OF ALL SORTS a Government so insincere ; that none of them cared for Home Rule but he, Asquith, and Mr. Gladstone. Private Diaries of Sir Algernon West. Edited by HORACE G. All through these days of conflicting tempers and conflicting HUTCHINSON. Murray. 18s. ambitions West, whom Mr. Hutchinson describes as “the Prime The Wandering Years. By KATHARINE TYNAN. Constable. 15s. Minister's Prime Minister," was the constant go-between and Many Memoirs. By G. B. BURGIN. Hutchinson. 16s. peacemaker. He was the man to whom everybody appealed at a crisis. Even on such an occasion as when Gladstone referred Albert Ballin, By BERNHARD HULDERMANN. Cassell. 12s. to some one as Nosey in a letter to Harcourt, it was West There are few books in which the writer seems to speak in his who had to approach Gladstone to find out whom he meant, own character. Even the authors of books of reminiscences when he discovered that it was not Mundella but the King of usually invent idealised figures of themselves and speak through the Belgians. pretentious masks. Sir Algernon West's Private Diaries is a West's charm gleams on every page. We feel it in his resolute delightful book because, while mingling with greater men than refusal to admit that Morley could be an unbeliever : himself, the writer always remains a real character and puts up no defences against our knowledge of his little vanities and little Acton said he really thought John Morley and Frederic Harrison interests. Sir Algernon had not an ounce of pretentiousness. believed in no future existence, or individuality, or Supreme Being. I don't believe it, and quoted John Morley as saying to me seriously, He was vain of being a Civil Servant, and nothing made him “God bless you !” happier than for a statesman to praise his particular branch of the Civil Service, the Inland Revenue. One of the entries in his Charming though he was and loyal to his chief, however, diary, referring to Gladstone, runs : West never abandoned his critical sense or omitted to jot down Last night he talked about stamps, and it was delightful to hear the ridiculous trifles that make a great man real to us. He him pour forth praises of the Inland Revenue. thought that Gladstone should not have threatened to resign Another entry, describing a dinner at Hawarden, treats of the over the increase in the Navy Estimates, and boldly expressed the hope that he would not " throw over Ireland” for the sake same happy theme : of a few millions. He gives a painful picture of these east At dinner we talked about certain matters connected with the days of the old domineering statesman in conflict with his postal revenue and manufacture of stamps. Any subject connected colleagues, and quotes Gladstone as saying to him, with ludicrous with the Inland Revenue, luckily for me, always seemed to conjure and attractive realism : up happy reminiscences of former triumphs in Mr. Gladstone's mind. These periods of excitement are very distressing, for in my interYou would imagine that it was easy to write a diary in this view with Harcourt I broke one pair of glasses, and in my interview fashion, but how rare it is for a diarist to pass on the flavour of with Spencer another pair, and then lost a third ! his supreme hours in this fashion ! Mr. Pepys could do it. Colonel Repington could do it. As a result, they are as real to us as Katharine Tynan also contrives to express a personality in characters in a good novel. Sir Algernon is also as real as a her autobiography, though naturally a writer cannot speak character in a novel. We see him unfolding in the sunshine of publicly of the people of the past few years with the intimacy praise and success, and we share every moment of his triumphs of one who keeps a diary. Mrs. Hinkson, however, has a talent with him. for good talk. She is expansive, kindly, and has known more At times, he felt that the company was a little too good for people than most of us want to know. Her book is trivial to him, as when Gladstone and Morley discussed Archbishop Laud. a point to which West's is not, but it is impossible not to go on "Too deep for me,” Sir Algernon comments in his diary. On reading it. She notes the tiniest things, such as that Mr. Arnold another page he records a conversation with Lord Rosebery Bennett always gives her her full name “ with the accent on and Bryce when“ Gibbon's Chapter XV., of which I know the last syllable of my Christian and maiden names" : nothing, was held up as very fine." In the same way, when he He used to silence the discussion of unsavoury topics when they is speaking of his son, Horace, as a possible private secretary to “Remember that Mrs. Katharine Tynan Hinkson is in the Mr. Asquith, he tells us : room!” I said I was very anxious that Horace should be private secretary “ I liked Arnold Bennett very much indeed,” she adds, just as to a good Minister, but I should not ask or recommend him. He though she were describing the incident in conversation. Many was not clever had probably not ever heard of Fabian Essays, his of her stories are about contemporary Ireland. Others relate literature being confined to the Pink ’Un. But that, having said to her travels abroad. There is one about Tennyson, who went that, he was a gentleman, had pleasant manners, was very hardworking, had great experience of things, and every office in London out one day with a party of ladies : would be an open sesame to him. He discovered that it was raining and there was only one water proof to the party. “I had better take that,” said Tennyson, Here not only a man, but a whole tradition of English society, wrapping himself in it, “for my life is the most valuable." comes to life. No novelist would have got his atmosphere better. This atmosphere of reality is produced, not by important The Wandering Years is a book with a pleasant flow-not as anecdotes, but by one tiny significant detail after another. How good a book as the first volume of Mrs. Hinkson's reminiscences, clearly Sir Algernon makes us see the scenes behind the scenes but an easy, good-natured, gossipy book. when a new Premier is forming a ministry! “ It is sad,” he Mr. Burgin's Many Memories does not flow so easily. He reflects, “all the disappointments and the long faces one sees does not take us among the realities of his life, but talks to every day.” Again: us from behind a mask. It is as though he were facetiously Her Majesty thought that Lord Breadalbane, being a marquess, pretending to be a rather different man from what he is, or, at least, as though he were putting up defences of facetiousness should not be below Oxenbridge, so I had to persuade the latter to be Master of the Horse, instead of Lord Steward, which I did with some against our really getting to know him. Nor does he make other difficulty, as he said he did not know a horse from a cow. people real to us. On another page, we find Queen Victoria's secretary writing an It is his facetiousness that ruins him. Having addressed anxious letter about the appointment of Viscount Drumlanrig the reader as gentle reader,” he goes on: as Lord-in-Waiting. The letter to West begins : If I were to call you Pernickety reader” and “Unobservant I am puzzled about Drumlanrig. The Qucen says he is Lord-in Skimmer,” or “Pumpkin-headed Peruser," you would not like it, and Waiting and must come to Windsor to-morrow. I should be very much ashamed of myself. And so, in this book, You say he isn't. And naturally he has no Windsor coat-and consequently, can only at any rate, I shall continue to address a very esteemed friend in do duty in his shirt-sleeves. Pleasant in this weather but indecent. the way I have done. “And that's that.” Never were a new Prime Minister's trials and troubles brought The Life of Albert Ballin calls for notice as a chapter in home to us in more vivid detail than in this book. Gladstone had industrial and political history, rather than on literary grounds. trouble with almost everybody from the Queen downwards. The figures in it are public figures, not human beings. It is He forgot to kiss hands on going to Windsor. West met Sir an authoritative footnote to history in so far as it takes us Henry Ponsonby later in the day: behind the scenes regarding the attempt to arrive at an Anglo German understanding before the war, and the struggle inside When he came in he said that Mr. Gladstone had kissed hands. Her Majesty had said, “This should have been done this afternoon.” Germany in later years to prevent unrestricted submarine warfare and to bring about an earlier peace. Ballin, as creator Is not the whole scene packed into that sentence ? Nor were of the German Mercantile Marine, lived to see both his life-work Gladstone's colleagues easy men with whom to work : and his country brought to ruin in spite of his persistent efforts John Morley was very low and unhappy, and said there never was to save it. The book contains many documents giving his Page 4
The Islo of Vanishing Men. By W. F. ALDER. Parsons. 8s. 6d. love for heirlooms, and her own good fortune in this respect furnishes narrative of adventure in cannibal-land” shows how far her book with many good examples. There must be plenty of treasure behind fiction truth can lag. Even cannibals, it seems, are not what somewhere in the world ; and since experts assure us that sale-rooms they were. Mr. Alder tells his tale with such direct simplicity and and dealers have none that is genuine, where else should it be save at obvious truth that it reads almost like the record of a week-end up home? At any rate, her exemplary enthusiasm will awaken once the river. The savage Kia Kias, on whose coral reef he and his party more the desire to turn the teacups upside down and, with the eye were duly shipwrecked, lived up to their reputation by painting their of faith, to see a likeness between their baffling scratches and the clear naked bodies with ochre, and eating man whenever they could get trade marks given in her text. Her taste is good ; she blends historical him. At other times their unstimulating diet was clay and cocoanut, gossip engagingly with art, and her practical advice should help the which may account for the fact that they were easily imposed upon. amateur in his unequal fight against such outstanding enemies as worms, Indeed, as distrustful hosts, the inhabitants of any self-respecting the faker, and Ye Olde Antique Shoppe. Cornish village, similarly provoked, would have provided a grimmer welcome. Two factors assuage the reader's apprehension : the The Emperor Nicholas II. By Major-General Sir John HANBURY natives were “unaccustomed to physical exercise,” and “Mr. Colt " WILLIAMS, K.C.B. A. L. Humphreys. 15s. was always handy in his holster. Cannibalism is, no doubt, an un. Major-General Sir Hanbury Williams was chief of the British pleasant business, but only relatively disturbing. One needs to be Military Mission to Russia (1914-1917). He appears as the apologist artistically involved in the fate of, or else in actual danger oneself for the old régime. He admits corruption, he admits the stultifying of providing, the joint! And this is where fiction has the truthful atmosphere of Tsardom, but he stresses its good intentions. His traveller beat. The book is illustrated with photographs which amplify respect for Nicholas II. himself is unshakable, whose loyalty to the very readable text and give a good idea of primitive human types the Allies was flawless, and who resembled our own king not only and the unsartorial fashions they affect. in personal appearance but in his unpretentious, steady sense of duty and honour. Nicholas II. was not, however, a stộong man. The Fair Wages Clause. The National Joint Council representing the It is doubtful if any man, however strong, could have dealt with General Council of the Trades Lnion Congress, The Executive the situation in Russia. This book, which contains much that at Committee of the Labour Party, and the Parliamentary Labour the present moment we tend to forget, is straightforward, interesting Party. 3d. reading. It should be supplemented by M. Pierre Gilliard's book Unemployment Insurance By Industry. Ditto. 6d. (he was the Swiss tutor of the Tsarevitch), Le tragique destin de Nicholas 11. et de sa famille. General Williams' account closes at The Government of Greater London. The Labour Party. ls. the point when the Emperor left headquarters under arrest on Labour in Power— And Labour Not in Power. (The Story of the Metro. March 21st, 1917. His message of farewell to his troops, which is politan Borough Councils, 1919-1922.) The London Labour here quoted in full, was never allowed to reach them. It is clear Party. 2d. from the General's book that the Empress was as anxious as anyone Here are four very informative and useful pamphlets. The first for the victory of the Allies. He has some interesting pages on the gives a concise account of the origin and operation of the Fair Wages scamp Rasputin ; he does not dispute his influence over the Empress, Clause and of the unsatisfactory way in which it is being administered. but he suggests that his primary hold over her imagination lay in Government Departments, it is found, are violating the spirit of the the fact that she believed it was Rasputin's prayers which had given clause“ by allowing contractors to pay rates below those agreed upon her a son, and his powers which could alone maintain the delicate by employers and Trade Unions, by allowing the substitution of boy in health. “He gradually became her adviser on matters of women on men's work at rates lower than would be paid to men, and State, and through the Empress his influence affected Europe." by the failure to publish or communicate full details of all contracts General Williams thinks that the murder of Rasputin, though it has and sub-contracts." The National Joint Council of the Trades Union his sympathy, helped to ruin the royal family and bring on the final Congress and the Labour Party propose a series of reforms, which are débâcle, but he does not explain how. Whether or not Rasputin's the minimum required,” they say, to place the administration of money came from German sources he leaves an open question. His the clauses on a satisfactory basis." The arguments for and against influence was certainly poisonous. "unemployment insurance by industry,” which are set out in the second pamphlet, are pretty well known. What we have long wanted Forty Years On. By LORD ERNEST HAMILTON. Hodder and to know, however, is the views of those actually employed in the various Stoughton. 15s. industries, and we now have considerable light thrown on that point, Lord Ernest Hamilton discourses very pleasantly about what has Forty-three Trade Unions, with a total membership of just over a evidently been a very pleasant life. He was born in 1858. When million and a quarter, have expressed themselves in favour of insurance he was a youth septuagenarian swells might be heard describing by industry. Twenty-one Unions, with a membership of 2,670,900, how “the dear Dook was obleeged by the heat to set in a gyarden are against it (the main strength here, it is interesting to note, comes cheer, under the laloc trees, drinking tay out of yallow chaney coops, from the Miners, the Railwaymen, the Building Trades and General while his leddy on the balcony ate cowcumbers and reddishes off Labour). Seventeen Unions (with a membersbip of 078,900) give goold plates brought to Oxfordsheer from Roome,” while Lord non-committal answers. It would, of course, be unsafe to draw Ernest maintains that the affected delicacy of the dandies was not definitive conclusions from these figures ; many Unions have not over burlesqued in the verse (once famous) of a contemporary song: considered the matter at all, and in the case of many of those that Au-revoir, ta-ta have, their yes” or “no” must be regarded as doubtful. In the I heard him say, circumstances of the moment, however, the National Joint Council are no doubt right in saying that, if there is to be a common policy for To the Lady Crambanally While bidding her good-day. the Labour movement, a compromise is necessary. They advocate a State scheme with contributions by State, employers and (if unavoid I'll stwike you with a feather, able) workers, but embodying provisions for contracting-out" by I'll stab you with a wose those industries which so desire. The other two pamphlets are con I'll shoot you with wafers cerned with the government of London. One of them sets out very And give you fearful blows ! clearly the Labour Party's “Greater London " scheme, and includes But his own, the younger generation, eschewed all that, and ceased an invaluable map of the whole region and its local government areas even to call terriers “tarriers.” Girls were allowed no exercise more within a 25-mile radius from Charing Cross. The other is an account violent than croquet and archery, and bathed in strict seclusion and of what each of the Metropolitan Boroughs has achieved-or has not "thick blue sack-cloth.” He maintains that beautiful women are achieved. It should make some hard reading for those who believe- much more common now than in his youth, and suggests that it or affect to believe that “ Labour in power ” has done nothing except was the rarity of beauty which made even those of the eighties so raise the rates. In thesc Boroughs where Labour has had its chance, celebrated. Drawing-room conversation was mainly anecdotal; it has effected a great deal-sanitary reform, the development of elections were subjects of feverish interest ; dinners were pompous maternity and child welfare, the improvement of public libraries, a social rites, and men carefully preserved their appetites for them. better and more economical electricity supply, and various reforms Lord Ernest's memoirs, which begin with social reminiscences and which, though they may leave the bourgeoisie cold, are of vital import- pictures of high life, end with scenes in Klondyke and Peru. His ance to the proletariat. Until this report confuted, point by point, book is characterised throughout by that good-tempered, straightits authors may fairly claim that it is “a record of solid, con- forward vivacity and humorous discretion we expect from a well-bred structive administrative work performed under conditions almost man of the world. without parallel for economic difficulty and unforeseen problems." The Cradle of Mankind. By Rev. W. A. WIGRAM, D.D., and Sir EDGAR Antiques and Curios in our Homes. By G. M. Vallois Laurie, T. A. WIGRAM, Black, 15s. 18s. This is a new and enlarged edition of a volume first published in the Man is an instinctive collector. At first the savage with his bones spring of 1914. It is a spirited account of life in the highlands of Eastern and scalps; then civilised man, who begins with stamps and buttons, Kurdistan. Among the places of interest described are the sites of goes on to hearts, and ends with books and bric-a-brac. It is the last Ninevah and Babylon, the Temple of the Devil Worshippers, and the quarry that attracts Mrs. Vallois, and she writes pleasantly, as an mountain villages of the Nestorian Christians ; and the narrative is amateur for amateurs, about old furniture, glass, china, and metal. still further enlivened by an account of local legends and supersti. Her circle of potential readers should be a large one, for few of us, at tions, and by numerous anecdotes. In spite of these attractions the some time in our lives, can resist these lures. She has a stimulating book is calculated rather to satisfy curiosity than to stimulate interest, Page 5
The author's estimate of the Turk has at this moment a special fixed by arbitrary legal tribunals of Federal and State Governinterest. “The Turk,” we read, “is not deliberately aiming at the ments. Directors powerless to effect prompt readjustment. extirpation of his Christian subjects. , . . As a man he has many virtues ; Had Australian steel makers enjoyed same unhampered freedom and there never was an Englishman yet who dealt with him and did of other countries, costs could have been reduced with promptinot come to like him; but as a governor he is execrable, in that he is too tude and competition met. Industrial system rendered it lazy to see that things go well, and allows an unspeakably corrupt Civil Servioe to ruin the land as it likes." absolutely impossible to arrange anything to meet position, so, in spite of efforts to find solution, compelled to carry on at loss or to suspend operations. Reluctantly adopted latter, and industry is now closed as result of crude experimental legislation. THE CITY Compulsory arbitration is strangling industry in the Common wealth and crippling economic progress.” My anonymous HE Stock Exchange has responded to the improved out- correspondent has written triumphantly across this circular Where Labour rules !' The Broken Hill Proprietary Company very brisk. The great success achieved by the Daily is even more notorious for its Labour troubles than the Ebbw Mail Trust debenture issue has been adroitly followed by the Vale Steel, Iron and Coal Company in this country. Hardly a introduction to the public, via the Stock Exchange, of a large year seems to pass without some bitter strike or lock-out occurnumber of Daily Mirror Newspapers £1 ordinary shares at ring in that company's property, which is one of the most famous prices carying between 61s. 10 d. and 66s. 3d. The jobber's slip silver and lead mines in the world. The steel works part of it giving particulars of these shares implies that dividends of 30 per is of quite recent origin. In view of the continuous series of cent. will be paid. Although the price looks high, purchasers Labour troubles and the jeremiad of the directors, one would will probably do well for the Harmsworths know what the public conclude that the company must have done badly. An examinawill take, and give it to them; and the public is not likely ever tion of its record, however, shows that it seems to have flourished to be invited by them to lose its money on, say, Highbrow Publi remarkably, although work has had to be suspended every few cations, Limited. Tea shares have risen appreciably, the price months owing to trouble with the workers. The original capital of the article itself having increased sharply ; the people in this was £320,000 in £20 shares, the price of which became so high industry co-operated to restrict production when they found they that it was found convenient to split each share into ten shares were producing at a loss, with much less trouble than has been of £2, and subsequently to split each £2 share into five of 8s. experienced in the rubber-planting industry, and are now able each. The annual dividends since 1909 have been as follows : to resume good dividends. The rubber share market is, however, 25 per cent., 37 } per cent., 684 per cent., 561 per cent., 374 per bearing out the perhaps too oft-repeated favourable anticipations 237 per cent., 15 per cent., 74 per cent. This looks like a big cent., 50 per cent., 50 per cent., 371 per cent., 50 per cent., in these notes, and factors, other than probable Government action, , appear to point to a continued improvement in this industry. drop in the dividends since 1919, but in that year, in addition to the 233 per cent. dividend, the company gave its shareholders one 12s. share for each 8s. share held, combined them so as to In connection with the Ebbw Vale dispute, I find that a few make them £1 shares, and then immediately gave them out of years ago I was foolish enough to recommend the shares of the further undistributed profits an additional £1 share for every Ebbw Vale Steel Iron and Coal Company, but recanted when it two-and-half shares held. Thus, the person who, in 1919, became apparent that the management had the fatal gift of held 100 shares of 8s. each, in 1920, without any further payment invariably and constantly alienating the sympathies of every on his part, found himself the possessor of 140 shares of £1 each. description of their employeesm-even their clerks have gone on A dividend of 15 per cent. on £140 (140 shares of £1) is considerably strike within the past few years. So far back as August 2nd, more than a dividend of 23 per cent. on £40 (100 shares of 8s.), 1919, I find that I wrote in these notes : so that, as frequently happens with companies subject to Labour As it is, shareholders of the Ebbw Vale Steel, Iron and Coal Com troubles, it turns out on examination that a fall in the dividend pany have the pleasure of learning that the furnaces are being shut rate may be an increase. In spite of the ruin caused by the down for, presumably, six months, and during the present year the unreasonableness of the Australian worker and the Australian value of their shares has fallen from 30s. 6d. to 26s. 3d. One of Government, I notice that the £l share is quoted at 27s. 6d., these days when the price falls to 10s. or so, it may occur to some and, be it remembered, the person who in 1919 had a £40 stake of the shareholders to ask whether, peradventure, the fault does not in the company now has £140 ; but, as my correspondent lie with a board of management (three-fifths titled) which has suc- probably bought his shares at a very much higher price from ceeded in making their property notorious as one of the greatest earlier and more astute holders, this reflection will not bring centres of disaffection and discontent in the whole country. him much comfort, for the shares have been very much higher. The foregoing prophecy has not proved to be very far out, the The Broken Hill made a great mistake, in my opinion, in not present price of the shares being 12s. 6d. ; the only other change sticking to its wonderful mining property, but going in for an of importance is, however, that now there is only one solitary ambitious iron and steel venture. Let us hope it will not repeat director who is not titled. the history of the Grand Trunk Railway, which ruined itself by expansion in another field. A. EMIL DAVIES. One of the results of the chaos of the foreign exchanges is that not merely industrial undertakings, but also landed property, in many countries, is passing into the hands of foreigners whose currencies have increased purchasing power in impoverished countries. I referred recently to the fact SUBSCRIPTION RATES. that Swiss peasants were presenting their children with German farms, and I now read in a German paper that already The yearly subscription to THE NEW STATESMAN, more than 35 per cent. of the houses in Wiesbaden are owned including all Supplements and postage, to any by foreigners. That this tendency is not limited to the Central address in Great Britain or Abroad is 30s. ; six European countries is shown by the following advertisement months, 15s. ; three months, 7s. 6d. taken from a financial paper : LE change français baisse toujours ! Achetons ADVERTISEMENT RATES. bon marché les propriétés que les Russes vendent sur la Riviera : un domaine de 100 acres General Trade Advertisements inserted at et villa à Nice.- S'adr . . Fourteen Guineas per page. Company Reports It is probably to avoid hurting French susceptibilities that Eighteen Guineas. Prospectuses Twenty Guineas. this advertisement implies that the sellers are Russians. EDUCATIONAL ADVERTISEMENTS, APPOINTMENTS VACANT, MEETINGS, ETC., are charged at the rate have receiv a reader a circular of the Broken Hill of 1s. Bd. per line for a single insertion, or 158. per Proprietary Company, Limited, summarising the report for inch. Series Discounts are allowed on Classified It the year ended May 31st last, and telling a tale of woe. Small Advertisements only. states that the directors, in view of the fall in the price of foreign steel, endeavoured to“ readjust” wages, hours of working All communications should be addressed THE MANAGER, and prices of coal, but were faced with conditions existing in NEW STATESMAN, 10 Great Queen Street, Kingsway, London, no other country. The circular (which is cabled from the head W.C. 2. Telephone : 1640 Gerrard. office in Melbourne) goes on to say : “Wages and hours are Page 6
“The Oxford University Press needs no commendation, for it speaks to all through its works, which are marked by sound learning, scrupulous editorship and careful typo graphy, as well as a general alertness to the affairs and the movements of the day.”—Timesé The War in the Air. (Volume 1.) Unemployment. By Sir WALTER RALEIGH (Official History of the By F. W: PETHICK-LAWRENCE. (The World of Great War, by direction of the Historical Section of the To-Day Series, Vol. XXV.) Crown 8vo. Committee of Imperial Defence). Medium 8vo. 21S. net. The Partition and Colonisation of Africa. Times.-" Here is a book which has been written with the graceful allure of a Stevenson and the vigour and vividness of a Macaulay upon a subject By Sir CHARLES LUCAS,K.C.B., K.C.M.G. 8vo. 128. 6d. net. of cardinal interest. The result is a volume which will rank among the classics Contains chapters on Africa in ancient times; from ancient times to the of English historical literature. Sir Walter Raleigh has not only marshalled wineteenth century; the slave trade; missionaries and explorers; the scramble for his vast array of facts admirably, he has also made them glow with what has Africa in 1884.91 and 1891-1914; North Africa ; South Africa ; West and East been aptly termed The Glamour of the Air.'' Africa; the late campaigns in Africa; the results of the War on the map of Ireland. Africa; African problems; appendices on the tenures of the Empire; the meaning of Proiectorate, capitulations and ex-territorial privileges, Man. From the Earliest Times to the Present Day. By ROBERT dates ; and notes on books. DUNLOP. Extra Crown 8vo. 78. 6d. net. The Political System of British India. [Histories of the Nations. With special reference to the recent constitutional changes. "Fortunately, I have no theory to serve. Every history must bear a 8vo. By E. A. HORNE. personal tinge, and all that can reasonably be demanded from an historian ros, 6d. net. is that he should make himself as fully acquainted as possible with the facts Designed on the one hand to serve as a general introduction to the subject, and that he should be scrupulously honest la his use of them. I have endeav. and on the other to supplement such standard text-books as Ilbert's Govern. oured to satisfy both these canons."-From the Preface. ment of India and Strachey's India. Persia. Essays by Divers Hands. By Brigadier General Sir PERCY SYKES. With a Map. Being the Transactions of the Royal Society of Literature 8vo. 75. 6d. net. (Histories of the Nations. of the United Kingdom. New Series. Vol. II. Edited by A history of Persia from the earliest times to the present day, including, WILLIAM RALPH INGE. Demy 8vo. 73. vet. among others, chapters on the Country and the People, the Persian Empire Contents : Introduction, by the Editor ; The English Ode, by Laurence and Hellas, the Conquest of the Persian Empire by Alexander the Great, Binyon; “ Idylls of the King" in 1921, by F. S. Boas ; Some Writers on the Mongol Avalanche, Tamerlane, Persia and the Great War, 1914-18, Persia English Country Life, by the Most Hon. the Marquess of Crewe, K.G. ; Some after the Armistice, &c. The author, who has constantly travelled in Persia, Memorialists of the Period of the Restoration, by Sir Henry M. Imbert-Terry, raised the South Persian Rides in 1916, and was in command in Southern Bart; A Great Poet in Another Art-Beethoven, by Ernest Kiver ; Classical Persia till December, 1918. Metres in English Poetry, by W. R. Inge. Western Races and the World. La Vie des Abeilles. Essays arranged and edited by F. S. MARVIN. (The Par MAURICE MAETERLINCK. (Les Maîtres Belges.) Unity Series, V.) Medium 8vo. 12s. 6d. net. Illustrée de bois gravés par LUCIEN RION. Crown 8vo. This volume extends beyond the range of European civilisation, and deals with the problem, “How have the dominant Western peoples attained their One of a series of Belgian Classics ; beautifully printed on special paper position, what does this involve, on what terms can all the diverse branches in a severely limited edition. of the human race co-operate for the mutual good of all ?" There are twelve lectures :-Introductory: An Educational Problem, by F. S. MARVIN; Proserpine and Midas. Language as a Link, by J. A. SMITH; Greeks and Barbarians, by EDWYN BEVAN; The Roman Empire, by H. STUART JONES; The Influence of Two unpublished Mythological Dramas by MARY SHEL. Christianity, by A. J. CARLYLE; The Humanitarianism of the Eighteenth LEY. Edited with an introduction by A. KOSZUL. Century and its Results, by S. H. SWINNY; Europe and Islam, by Sir T. W. Fcap. 8vo. From 38. 6d. net. ARNOLD; The Indian Problem, by C. H. ROBERTS ; Western Races and the Far East, by W. E. SOOTHILL; The Economic Exploitation of the (Oxford Library of Prose and Poetry. Tropics, by J. H. HARRIS; Master and Man in the Tropics, and Mandates Mary Shelley's mythological dramas can at least claim to be the proper under the League of Nations, by Sir SYDNEY OLIVIER. setting for some of the most beautiful lyrics of the poet, which have so far been read in undue isolation, And even as a literary sign of the times, as an example Recent Economic Developments in Russia. of that classical renaissance which the romantic period has fostered, they may not be altogether negligible." By K. LEITES. Edited by HARALD WESTERGAARD. Royal 8vo. [Immediately. Samuel Johnson, Poetry and Prose. Part I., General Effect of the World War on the Economic Life of Russia With Boswell's Character, Macaulay's Life, and an Essay prior to the Bolshevik Revolution. Part II., Results of the Economic Policy of the Bolsheviks. by Sir WALTER RALEIGH. With Introduction and Notes by R. W. CHAPMAN. [Immediately. Bibliographical Survey. By M. E. BULKLEY. Royal 8vo. [I mmediately. A Portuguese Bibliography. A tentative survey of the literature dealing with the Economic and Social By AUBREY F. G. BELL. [Immediately. History of the United Kingdom during the War and Reconstruction periods. A Hebrew Deluge Story in Cuneiform and other Epic The Population Problem : Evolution. By ALBERT T. CLAY. (Yale Oriental Series, Researches, By A. M. CARR-SAUNDERS. 8vo. Vol. V., Part III.) 8vo. 75. 6d. net. HAVELOCK ELLIS in the Nation and Athenæum.--"Mr. Carr-Saunders has An ancient Hebrew deluge tradition written in cuneiform is here presented. written a book which, if disputable at points, and not, indeed, put forward The thesis in brief is, that the Arabian origin of the Semites living in Ancient as a final statement of questions under investigation, is indispensable to all Syria and Babylonia, including the Hebrews, is baseless; and also the asserwho take any interest in the fundamental problems of human welfare. tion that the culture and religion of Israel were borrowed from Babylonia is So large and comprehensive a collection of facts has never before been made, without any foundation. Professor Clay considers that the material has and even if this book were nothing more than a treasury of ethnographic bearings of a far-reaching character on many Old Testament problems, information, it would still be extremely useful." Canadian Constitutional Studies. Arab Medicine and Surgery. A Study of the Healing Art in Algeria. By M. W. HILThe Marfleet Lectures, University of Toronto, October, TON-SIMPSON. With 8 plates and 7 figures in the 1921. By the Right Hon. Sir ROBERT LAIRD BORDEN. text. Medium 8vo. Ios, 6d. net. Revised edition. Crown 8vo. 45. 6d. net. The former Premier discusses Constitutional development from the Cession THE PERIODICAL. A copy of the current issue containing a Sir Walter to Confederation, and from thence to the World War, during the War and since. Raleigh bibliography post free on application.
a Study of Human Fragments in the Pierpont Morgan Library, Page 7
JAMES ELROY FLECKER its ethics, than most of the screaming of the moment on the subject of public schools. James Elroy Flecker. By DOUGLAS GOLDRING. Chapman and The Critical Studies ” matter less. Flecker was too good Hall. 78. 6d. a lover and hater to be the perfect critic; John Davidson's Collectod Prose of J, E. Flecker. Heinemann. 6s. blank verse is not " the best since Milton” or the work of William Watson limited to Hassan. By J. E, FLECKER. Heinemann. 68. pompous outcries." Still, these The sour Sir Philip Francis owned to admiring Pitt despite Johnsonian tantrums are redeemed by a Johnsonian common sense ; and all is said in his neat ruling on that weary controversy himself, because, while the jackals herded, he, lion-like, walked about art and purpose, “ It is not the poet's business to save man's alone. Something of the same feeling makes particularly welcome soul, but to make it worth saving." the revival of a poet who, self-reliant by nature and by fortune But Flecker remains before all things the lyric poet; his prose an exile, for much of his brief life, in Levantine consulates and is a by-product; and even Hassan, by his own account, was Swiss sanatoria, belonged to no coterie for co-operative back written to lead up to its epilogue, that long-familiar lyric “ The scratching, no movement for baiting the bourgeoisie, and whose Golden Journey to Samarkand.” It really needs two readings writing pleases exactly because he seems to write, above all, to before one can begin to criticise this fine but eccentric play. please himself--no facile self at that. For its atmosphere reels and quivers from scene to scene like a Mr. Goldring's sketch is happily timed to introduce and accompany Flecker's Collected Prose and the long-looked-for mirage of the desert—now comedy of manners, now opera or masque, now farcical buffoonery, now agonising tragedy. As Hassan. A combination of biography and criticism, it disclaims Proteus-like are the characters. Comic confectioner, amorous any pretensions to be a “Life” ; one wishes there were more of the biography and less of the less-needed criticism ; but the greybeard, poet, artist, man of action, voluptuary, philosopher all these by turns is Hassan; and yet remains Hassan still. book makes the poetry of Flecker still more readable, and should It is as if one mixed Le Bourgeois Gentilhomme with Bajazet, or certainly make it the more read. It is to this same end that the Collected Prose will mainly serve ; Shaw's Cæsar with Shakespeare's, or Kubla Khan with The Mikado. It is amazing, and yet no mere tour de force; only at the attractive journalism of a poet, it shows more what Flecker moments does Flecker go too far in mingling his incompatibles ; was than what he could do. The collection falls into three parts— "Tales and Sketches," fantastic Levantine ; the prolonged persiflage, for instance, of his Gilbert-and-Sullivan Grecians,” on education; and “Critical Studies.” Of the chief of police and captain of military is cheap in itself (Flecker's first, “The Last Generation," a vision of the future resembling humour is not his strongest point) and a nuisance in its context. But the distinction of the play lies in its poetry, its not so much Wells (the comparison moved Flecker to fury) a whole and as the whimsical irony of Butler, is curious for its resemblance philosophy, its style; the plot, simple as with plenty of fine situations, is not always convincing to Hassan in one thing—the way in which its dreamy fantasy quickens suddenly into gruesome reality as Moses' rod into the in detail. Hassan, the confectioner, by good fortune and horror of venomous life. Flecker, like his admired John common sense saves Haroun al Raschid from the conspiracy Davidson, combined the extremes of visionary and realist; of Rafi, whose beloved, Pervaneh, has been kidnapped for the Caliph's seraglio, and so becomes the Caliph's friend, he soars into futurity not on the ingenious mechanism of a Time Machine, but on the yellow and purple wings of the poet's Wind There his disillusionment begins. Yasmin, who had scorned of Time ; and, yet, if he starts in the clouds, he comes most his love, fawns now upon his greatness ; his friend the Caliph solidly to earth on his arrival in the unborn Birmingham. There proves but a pitiless savage. To Rafi and Pervaneh he gives the is, indeed, in this compounding of clay and fire something not choice of eternal separation or of one day of love and a death of torment after; they choose the second, and when Hassan unakin to the earthy unearthliness of Mr. Chesterton (who pleads for pity, the Caliph flings him back into his obscurity The Ballad of Hampstead Heath ”), but of a sadder and wiser Mr. Chesterton. Flecker's daylight, when he after forcing him first to watch the victims' tortures. Agonised returns to it, is of a greyer hue. and broken, he turns from “this Bagdad of slaves, this city of It is this that clouds for him even the Eastern sun. “ Candilli " fornication,” to take with his fellow-poet Ishak, the most charming utters the fundamental sadness of the gazer on some splendour figure in the play, the Golden Road of pilgrimage to Samarkand. So it ends. " This rose has faded and this rose is bitter and of mountain or of sea. Here is beauty-yet one can never seize this rose is nothing but the world.” What began in laughing it or possess—it is like a heap of treasure in a wilderness. fantasy closes in a sadness that is only not despair. In the But who am I to enjoy this high gift of the gods ? What can prison of the King of the Beggars, while the Caliph beat vainly I do with it, how make it my own? Why is it there, part of my on the walls, Hassan had turned quietly to look for beauty in foolish daily life : can I treat it as a common thing?... A poet the carpet on the floor ; now in the prison of the world, cast off might sing of it, and find peace ; or a painter paint it ; glorious would it shine to a man returning from a long journey, if among by the Caliph, there remains for the pilgrim still the wild beauty those countless lights one light meant home. of the waste, the sands of the Golden Road. The very ghosts of the lovers, dead in their agony, have faded before us into forgetfulAnd, as here, in the presence of beauty, so in “ The 'Bus in ness ; only in the beauty of the moment for the moment, in the Stamboul” his heart is heavy with absence and the past, and splendour of the tragedy of life, in the sublimity of its folly, the exile, to whom that understanding of the East, which lies its solace. How brief and precarious are these ! and yet Orientalists owned that he possessed, brought no love for it, is the race goes on; and the ghost of Pervaneh in the garden, stirred by the sight of a fellow-exile, a Vanguard motor-'bus, agony behind her and oblivion before, when the rustling voices to a longing, not the less real for the wry laughter that expresses of the unborn question, " What of Life, 0 dead ?” answers it, for the West and home and fellowship. with a great cry, " Why Life ... is sweet, my children.” And you, too, O Cricklewood, lovely Cricklewood of the idle Some will wince at the touch of Maeterlinck. But Flecker, evenings, not so far from Hampstead Heath, Cricklewood, where at least, does not dally with his pessimism, does not burke the clerks, returning from toil, eat their suppers and kiss their young bitterness of life with amiable saving-clauses, nor smuggle in wives, and sleep at peace with God and all the world, you are worth Dr. Pangloss by a side door to sugar the final scene. Dost all the golden East, obscure and lovely Cricklewood, whatever thou hope for a revelation ? Why should the dead be wiser those literary men say—and forget it not. than the living? The dead know only this that it was better These sketches are the least serious part of the book ; but, for to be alive." all that, they are the best. In - The Grecians the ex When the play is performed, the British public, who will schoolmaster turns to building in a Platonic dialogue the cloud- always flock in far greater numbers to see one live camel on the image of his ideal school, an educational “ Republic.” Eloquent stage than all the plays of Ibsen, expecting from this Oriental in passages, it yet suffers from that curious donnish pompousness drama a repetition of the cheery crudity of Chu Chin Chow or which seems to attack imitators of Plato; but it overflows with of the sanctimonious vulgarities of The Garden of Allah, and good sense. As might be expected, Flecker believes in literature, even encouraged in this expectation by the comedy of the early with its criticism of life as the base of education in living, as scenes, will be very rudely pulled up by the bitter realism of such distinguished from making a living ; not, indeed, literature after a close ; and old gentlemen will certainly write to the papers the present beggarly standard—an arbitrary patch of the Classics, about the torture-scene. Indeed, a preliminary bleat has some English, small French, less German, and no Italian ; already been raised in a distinguished weekly by a writer who not linguistics—"any half-breed dragoman can gabble six or complains of the unbearable pessimism of Hassan, on the ground seven tongues and sometimes gabble them correctly”; not that "the greatest poets dwell on the permanence of beauty science“ science brooks no rival in her house” but a moderni- rather than on the passing show," and suggests that there is sation of the Renaissance humanism of Vittorino da Feltre. “ a certain weakness in the constitution of art which predisposes It is at least a far more significant contribution, especially in it to pessimism." It might be urged that the weakness lay in Page 8
ARGONAUTS OF THE WESTERN PACIFIC : Two Magnificent Large-Quartos. Native Enterprise and Adventure in the Archipelagos EARLY ENGLISH FURNITURE AND WOODof Melanesian New Guinea. By B. MALINOWSKI, WORK. D.Sc. (Lond.). Five Maps and 66 Illustrations. Royal By HERBERT CESCINSKY and ERNEST R. 8vo. 218. net. GRIBBLE. 2 vols., Imperial 4to, profusely illustrated. The important narrative of the Robert Mond Expedition to New Guinea, Quarter-morocco, leather.grained sides, full gilt back and Sir JAMES FRAZER, in his long and interesting Preface, says: “I can hardly sides. £7 7s. net. [November. think that any words of mine will add to the value of this remarkable record. Dr. Malinowski has done his work under the best conditions and in the manner calculated to secure the best possible results. He lived as a native among A Magnificent Folio ; with 22 Coloured Prints. the natives, watching them daily at work and at play, conversing with them SUBJECTS PORTRAYED IN JAPANESE in their own tongue, and deriving all his information from the surest sources." THE REAL SOUTH AMERICA. By C. DOM COLOUR PRINTS : a Collector's Guide to all the VILLE-FYFE. A vivid description of life in the land of Subjects Illustrated. By BASIL STEWART. With over the Broad Horizon. With 55 Illustrations and 4 Maps. 270 prints (22 in Colour). Folio. In case, £5 5s. net. Demy 8vo. 128. 6d. net. Three books on the latest scientific results, written by Experts CANDIDE ; or, THE OPTIMIST. BY VOLfor the General Reader. TAIRE. With 49 drawings and many incidental decora(1) WITHIN THE ATOM: a Popular View of tions. By ALAN ODLE. Sm. 4to, artistically bound. Electrons and Quanta. By JOHN MILLS. With Glossary 12s. 6d. net. and 31 Illns. 69. net. (2) PHILOSOPHY AND THE NEW PHYSICS : THE NEW SPIRIT IN VERSE. Edited by an Essay on the Relativity Theory and the Theory of GUY PERTWEE. 38. Od. net. Quanta. By LOUIS ROUĞIER. 6s. net. (3) EASY LESSONS IN EINSTEIN. By Dr E. E. This new Anthology seeks to capturc the spirit that to-day is SLOSSON. With an article by EINSTEIN himself. animating poetry, and provides a very select collection of verses that Illustrated. 2nd ed. 58. net. By far the simplest exposi will prove of inestimable value. Every Author represented is either tion of the theory, with practical illustrations. living to-day or has died within the past five years. International Library of Psychology, BRITISH AND CONTINENTAL LABOUR POLICY: the Political Labour Movement and Labour Philosophy and Scientific Method Legislation in Great Britain, France, and the Scandinavian The first two volumes of this new series are now ready. Countries : 1900-1922. By B. G. Do MONTGOMERY. (1) PHILOSOPHICAL STUDIES. Roy. 8vo. 21s. net. By G. E. MOORE, Litt.D., Author of Principia Ethica, Editor of PENAL DISCIPLINE. By Dr. MARY GORDON, Mind : pp. 352. 159. not. L.R.C.P., L.R.C.S. (Edin.), late H.M. Inspector of Prisons and Assist. Inspr. of State and Certified Inebriate Reforma(2) THE MISUSE OF MIND : a Study of BERG tories. With 21 photos. 8vo. 7s. 6d. net. SON'S Attack on Intellectualism. By KARIN STEPHEN, formerly Fellow of Newnham Coll., Camb. Preface by JUVENILE DELINQUENCY. By Dr. H. H. HENRI BERGSON ; pp. 112. 68. 6d. not. GODDARD, Director Ohio Bureau of Juvenile Research. 38. 6d. net. The following two volumes will be published at once. The Psycho-pathic Child ; Physical Condition (3) THE MEASUREMENT OF EMOTION. By of Delinquents ; Eradication of Delinquency; Congenital Syphilis ; The Schools' Opportunity, etc. THE SUPREMACY OF SPIRIT. By C. A. (4) TRACTATUS LOGICO-PHILOSOPHICUS. RICHARDSON, M.A. (Cantab.), Author of Spiritual Pluralism and Recent Philosophy. Cr. 8vo. 5s, net. By L. WITTGENSTEIN. German text, with an English translation en regard, and an Introduction by BERTRAND DESIRE AND REASON: an Account of the Origin RUSSELL, F.R.S. and Development of Intellectual Principles. By Pro fessor K. J. SPALDING. 8vo. Ss. 6d. net. The following will appear shortly thereafter : Vedanta Philosophy. CONFLICT AND DREAM. By the late W. H. R. RAJA YOGA; or, THE CONQUERING THE RIVERS, M.D., F.R.S. INTERNAL NATURE. By SWAMI VIVEKANADA. SOME CONCEPTS OF SCIENTIFIC THOUGHT. With Patanjali's Aphorisms, Commentaries and a Glossary By Prof. C. D. BROAD. of Terms. 8s. 6d. net. PSYCHOLOGICAL TYPES. By C. G. JUNG, WIT AND ITS RELATION TO THE UNCONM.D., LL.D. SCIOUS. By Prof. S. FREUD. New Ed. 128. 6d. net. OUTWITTING OUR NERVES By Dr. J. A. JACKSON and HELEN M. SALISBURY. 8vo. 7s. 6d. net. Quite recently published in New York, this book has at once been accepted as a most valuable “ Health Book "—the most cheerful, the most helpful and the most successful work of the kind. Over 30,000 copies have already been sold at $2.50 net. A delightful work, full of cheery dogmatism mingled with shrewd but kindly blows at the failings of the neurotic patient. It is good to have the psychological view thus vigorously presented. The merits of the book consist in its readable style and the combination of theory with abundant clinical examples. The practitioner will be helped to recognise the nature of many symp. toms and may find courage to treat them along the lines indicated : he will also find that the racy style in no way detracts from the serious purpose of the book."--Lancet, September 16th, 1922. International Library of Music Three Monographs by J. F. Porte. Each, with a Portrait, 8vo, 79. Bd. net. Edited by A. EAGLEFIELD HULL, Mus.Doc. (Oxon.), and Biographical sketches (personal and artistic) of composers, estimating the H. KEATLEY MOORE, Mus.Bac. (Lond.), B.A. Lge. 8vo. significance of their creative work in musical history. Each Opus is described First 3 vols. of this new Series. separately (chronological order) and classified in an Index, Messrs. Kegan (1) A MUSICAL TOUR THROUGH THE LAND Paul and Co. are rendering British music a real service by publishing musical bibliographies of this kind."--Spectator (review of Stanford). OF THE PAST. By ROMAIN ROLLAND. 10s. 6d. * The appearance of A Musical Tour, the fascinating Voyage Musical, in a (1) SIR EDWARD ELGAR. most becoming English dress is something of an event. It is pure history written with all the fancy and none of the falsity of the historical novel.” (2) SIR CHARLES V. STANFORD. - London Mercury. (2) THE ART OF THE PLAYER-PIANO. By (3) EDWARD MACDOWELL. SIDNEY GREW. 129. 6d. net. " It may be sald to mark an epoch in the development of the player-piano.”— Music. “A most excellent text-book." - Glasgow Herald. Musician's Bookshelf, 3 new vols. (3) MUSICAL PORTRAITS : Interpretations of OUTSPOKEN ESSAYS ON MUSIC. By Camille SAINTTwenty Modern Composers. By PAUL ROSENFELD. SAENS. 103. 6d. net. Wagner, Moussorgsky, Berlioz, Debussy, Ravel, Rachmaninoff, CAMILLE SAINT-SAENS : his Life and Art. By WAT. Strawinsky, Reger, Sibelius, Ornstein, Strauss, Liszt, Franck, Borodin SON LYLE. Rimsky-Korsakoft, Scriabla, Mahler, Schoenberg. Loeffler, Bloch, Appendix of Brief Biographies. PEDALLING IN PIANOFORTE MUSIC. By A. H. LINDO. GEORGE ROUTLEDGE & SONS, Ltd. KEGAN PAUL, TRENCH, TRUBNER & CO., Ltd., Broadway House: 68-74 Carter Lane, London, E.C. 4, and 39 New Oxford Street, W.C. 1. Page 9
THE UNITY OF THE SPIRIT. G. F. Barbour. Christophers. THE RAINBOW CAT AND OTHER STORIES. Rose Fyleman. 78. 6d. Methuen. 5s. DECEMBER. Merejkowsky. Cape. 7s. 6d. NOVELS AND STORIES OF HENRY JAMES. (Pocket Edition.) THE LADY IN QUESTION. George Robey. Nash. 6s. THE LESSON OF THE MASTER, THE AUTHOR OF BELTRAFT'S, A DULL DAY IN LONDON. Dora Sigerson. Nash. 3s. 6d. THE ALTAR OF THE DEAD, DAISY MILLER. Macmillan. THEY LOVED GREATLY. Katharine Tynan. Nash. 78. 6d. 78. 6d. each. A LOVER AT FORTY. Gerald Cumberland. Grant Richards. SMOKELESS BURNING. Isabel Beaumont. Melrose. 78. 6d. LIFE IN FLOWER. Anatole France, Translated by J. L. May. LADY INTO Fox. David Garnett (Woodcuts). Chatto and PAUL REDWAY. G. A. Paley. Grant Richards. Windus. 5s. THEY CALL ME CARPENTER. Upton Sinclair. Laurie. 7s. 6d. DECEMBER LOVE. Robert Hichens. Cassell. 7s. 6d. THE TALE OF MANOR AND OTHER SKETCHES. Selma THE DANCING FAKIR. John Eyton. Longman. 7s. 6d. Lagerlof. Laurie. 6s. SERENUS. Jules Lemaitre. Translated by A. W. Evans. THE FLOATING PRISON. Gaston Leroux. Laurie. 7s. 6d. Selwyn and Blount. 3s. 6d. THE ENCHANTED APRIL. “ Elizabeth and her German Garden.” ROBINSON CRUSOE. Defoe. Illustrated. Selwyn and Blount. Macmillan. 7s. 6d. 3s. 6d. THE CATHEDRAL. Hugh Walpole. Macmillan. 7s. 6d. BABBITT. Sinclair Lewis. Cape. 7s. 6d. THE GREATER PUNISHMENT. Stephen Chalmers. Bale and HISTORY Danielsson. TO TELL YOU THE TRUTH. Leonard Merrick. Hodder. 7s. 6d. THE BALKAN PENINSULA. F. Scherill. Bell. NOBODY'S MAN. E. Phillips Oppenheim. Hodder. s. 6d. THE FARINGTON DIARY, Vols. I. and II. The period 1747 to God's PRODIGAL. A. T. Russell. Werner Laurie. 7s. 6d. 1821. Hutchinson. 21s. each. LILIAN. Arnold Bennett. Cassell. 6s. THE MISSION OF ST. AUGUSTINE. Cardinal Gasquet. O'Connor. DECEMBER LOVE. Robert Hichens. Cassell. 7s. 6d. 78. 6d. THE MAN WHO KNEW Too Much. G. K. Chesterton. Cassell. WHERE THE TWAIN MEET (JAMAICA). Mary Gaunt. Murray. 188. 78. 6d. EARLY HISTORY OF THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH : THE FIFTH QUEST. Rosita Forbes. Cassell. s. 6d. CENTURY. Monsignor Louis Duchesne. Translated by THE SURVIVORS. Lucas Malet. Cassell. 75. 6d. Prof. Claud Jenkins. Volume III. Murray, 21s. MYSTERY AT GENEVA. Rose Macaulay. Collins. 7s. 6d. MYTHS AND LEGENDS OF CHINA. E. T. C. Werner. 32 plates PILGRIM'S REST. F. Brett Young. Collins. 75. 6d. by Chinese artists. Harrap. 25s. ROSEANNE. Madame Albanesi. Collins. 78. 6d. HISTORY OF THE LATER ROMAN EMPIRE (395 A.D. to 565 A.D.). THE PIT PROP SYNDICATE. F. W. Crofts. Collins. 7. 6d. J. B. Bury. 2 vols. Macmillan. 42s. THREE TALEs. Flaubert. Translated by Arthur McDowall. A SHORT HISTORY OF MANKIND. H. G. Wells. Cassell. 15s, Illustrated. Chatto and Windus. 21s. THE CONQUEST OF MEXICO. W. H. Prescott. 200 Illustrations, LOVE. Anton Tchehov. Translated by Constance Garnett. Maps. 2 vols. Chatto and Windus. 42s. Chatto and Windus. 3s. 6d. LIFE ON A MEDIÆVAL BARONY. W. S. Davis. Harper. 15s. THE WEDGWOOD MEDALLION. E. B. C. Jones. Chatto and THE JACOBITES AND THE UNION. Edited by C. S. Terry. CamWindus. 75. 6d. bridge University Press. SWANN's Way. Marcel Proust. Translated by C. K. Scott MEDIÆVAL LIFE AND THOUGHT. Edited by G. G. Coulton. Moncrieff. Chatto and Windus. 2 vols. 7s. 6d. each. Cambridge University Press. DEAD Souls. Nikolay Gogol. Translated by Constance SELECT Naval DOCUMENTS (HENRY VIII. TO NAPOLEONIC Garnett. Chatto and Windus. 2 vols. 7s. Od. WARS). H. W. Hodges and E. A. Hughes. Cambridge THE MYSTERIOUS STRANGER. Mark Twain. Harper. 7s. 6d. University Press. SUDDEN LOVE. Benjamin Swift. Butterworth. 7s. 6d. MODERN FRANCE. A. Tilley. Cambridge University Press. TRACKING TRANTER. Geo. A. Chater. Jarrolds. 7. 6d. HISTORY OF THE PENINSULAR WAR. Sir Charles Oman. Vol. VI. JACOB's Room. Virginia Woolf. Hogarth Press. 7. 6d. Oxford University Press. STRAVROGIN'S CONFESSION. Dostoevsky. Translated by S. S. EUROPE IN THE MIDDLE AGES. Ierne L. Plunket. Oxford Kotelinansky and V. Woolf. _ Hogarth Press. 6s. University Press. THE DARK. Leonid Andreev. Translated by L. A. Magnus THE CAUSES OF THE WAR OF INDEPENDENCE. Claude H. Van and K. Walter Hogarth Press. 2s. Tyne. Constable. 21s. THE MYSTERIOUS STRANGER. Mark Twain. Harper Brothers. THE TURKISH EMPIRE. From 1288–1914. Lord Eversley. 78. 6d. And from 1914–1920. Sir Valentine Chirol. New edition. THE RIGOUR OF THE GAME. Christopher Stone. Secker. 7s. 6d. Fisher Unwin. 21s. THE ORISSERS. L. H. Myers. Putnams. 7s. 6d. A HISTORY OF EUROPEAN DIPLOMACY. 1815–1914. R. B. THE VERY DEVIL. H. B. Young. Page and Co. 78. 6d. Mowat. Arnold. 16s. THE MASTER DETECTIVE. P. J. Brebner. Holden and Co. KNOLE AND THE SACKVILLES. V. Sackville-West. Heinemann. 78. 6d. About 25$. KNIGHTS OF THE WILD. R. Hartley Thackery. Heath Cranton. EUROPEAN ARMOUR AND ARMS. Sir Guy Laking. (Vol. V., 78. 6d. completing). 1,800 Illustrations. Beil. £15 15s. (5 vols.). THE STRONG RIGHT ARM. Paul Trent. Odhams. 7. éd. NAPOLEON. Louis Etienne Saint Denis (Napoleon's valet). THE TERROR BY NIGHT. G. W. Gough. Blackwood. 7s. 6d. Harper. 128. 6d. PROSE WORKS OF HERMAN MELVILLE. Constable. 12 Vols. THE MIDDLE AGES. Fr. Funck-Brentano. Heinemann. £10 10s. FORTY YEARS OF DIPLOMACY. Baron Rosen. Allen and Unwin. THE“ MICKLEHAM” MEREDITH. Poems (3 Vols.) ; BEAUCHAMP'S About 25s. CAREER ; THE AMAZING MARRIAGE. Constable. 5s. each. THE SOCIAL INTERPRETATION OF HISTORY. Maurice William. NINE OF HEARTS. Stories by Ethel Colburn Mayne. Constable. Allen and Unwin. 10s. 6d. 7s. 6d. THE MAKING OF THE WESTERN MIND. A short survey of EuroTHE STORY OF JOHN PAUL. V. R. Emanuel. Constable. pean culture. F. Melian Stawell and F. S. Marvin. IllusFAIR HARBOUR. Joseph Lincoln. Appleton. 78. éd. trations. Methuen. 7. 6d. WAR AND PEACE. Tolstoi. Translated by Louise and Aylmer A HISTORY OF THE GREEK PEOPLE. William Miller, M.A. Maude. 3 vols. (The World's Classics.) Milford. Introduction by G. P. Gooch. Methuen. 6s. HAJJI BABA. Morier. (The World's Classics.) ATHEISM IN PAGAN ANTIQUITY. Prof. A. B. Drachmann. THE ENEMIES OF WOMEN. Blasco Ibanez. Fisher Unwin. Gyldendal. 7. 6d. 78. 6d. THE HISTORY OF THE LATER AMERICAN NATIONS. W. S. RobertTHE FIVE Jars. Dr. M. R. James. Arnold. 6s. son. Appleton. 18s. ERMYTAGE AND THE CURATE. A. M. Cogswell. Arnold. 7s. 6d. THE MANATON EDITION OF THE WORKS OF JOHN GALSWORTHY. 500 Sets. 21 Vols. Heinemann. 25 guineas the set. MEDICAL ROBIN. Frances Hodgson Burnett. Heinemann. 7s. 6d. CYTHEREA. Joseph Hergesheimer. Heinemann. 7s. 6d. THE PHYSIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION. Francis H. A. Marshall, CHILDREN OF MEN. Eden Phillpotts. Heinemann. 7s. 6d. F.R.S. Longmans. THE OTHER END AND OTHER STORIES. R. Ellis Roberts. Palmer. CONCEPTION CONTROL. Florence Barrett. Foreword by the 78. 6d. Archbishop of Canterbury. Murray. 2s. FOURSQUARE. Grace Richmond. Methuen. 7s. 6d. SIGNS OF SANITY. Stewart Paton. Scribner. 7s. 6d. THE THREE LOVERS. Frank Swinnerton. Methuen. 7s. 6d. SMELL, TASTE AND ALLIED SENSES IN THE VERTEBRATES. G. H. THE KING (WILLIAM II.). Karl Rosner. Translated from the Parker, Sc.D. Lippincott. 10s. 6d. German by Agnes Blake. Introduction by Lord Haldane. INJURY, RECOVERY AND DEATH. W. J. V. Osterhout. Lippin- Methuen. 7s. 6d. cott. 10s. 6d. GENEVRA'S MONEY. E. V. Lucas. Methuen. 78. 6d. SOME MEDICAL ASPECTS OF OLD AGE. Sir Humphry Rolleston, THE GREAT GRANDMOTHER. George A. Birmingham. Methuen. K.C.B., M.D., President of the Royal College of Physicians, 78. 6d. London, Illustrated. Macmillan. Page 10
THE LIFE OF REASON. New edition. George Santayana. THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. James L. Beck. In 5 vols. Constable. 78. 6d. each. Preface by the Earl of Balfour. Introduction by Sir John THE EVOLUTION AND PROGRESS OF MANKIND. Herman Klaatsch. Simon. Hodder and Stoughton. 7s. 6d. Translated by Joseph McCabe. Illustrated. Fisher Unwin. ENGLAND-AFTER THE WAR. Řt. Hon. C. F. G. Masterman. 80s. Hodder and Stoughton. 10s. Od. THE IDEA OF IMMORTALITY. A. S. Pringle-Pattison. Oxford THE POLITICAL SYSTEM OF BRITISH INDIA. E. A. Horne. University Press. Oxford University Press. DISCOURSES ON METAPHYSICS. Nicolas Malebranche. Trans- THE DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNATIONAL LAW AFTER THE WORLD lated by Morris Ginsberg. Allen and Unwin. About 18s. War. Otfried Nippold, translated by Amos Hershey. INDIAN PHILOSOPHY. S. Radhakrishnan. 2 vols. Allen and Oxford University Press. Unwin. About 21s, each. OUTLINES OF HISTORICAL JURISPRUDENCE. Sir Paul Vinogradoff. THE GREAT SECRET. Maurice Maeterlinck. Translated by Vol. II. Oxford University Press. Bernard Miall. Methuen. 7s. 6d. THE_CZECHOSLOVAK REPUBLIC. J. Cisar and F. Pokorny. Fisher Unwin. 9s. CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES. Sir Bampfylde Fuller. Murray. 12s. WOMEN IN THE FACTORY. Dame Adelaide Anderson. Murray. 78. 6d. POETRY GREECE AND THE ENTENTE DURING THE WAR : 1914-1916. S. Cosmin. King and Son. 7s. 6d. OXFORD POETRY, 1922. Blackwell. 3s. 6d. FRENCII PARTIES AND POLITICS. Roger Soltau. Milford. AMARANTH AND ASPHODEL. Renderings of the Greek Anthology THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF CHINA. T. Bau. Nisbets. 185. in English Verse. A. J. Butler. Blackwell. 10s. 6d. COLLECTED VERSES. Hilaire Belloc. Duckworth. 10s. THE GOLDEN BOOK OF MODERN ENGLISH VERSE, 1870–1920. Edited by Thomas Caldwell. Dent. 78. éd. Echoes FROM THEOCRITUS. Edward Cracroft Lefroy. Selwyn PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHICAL RESEARCH and Blount. 5s. MASQUES AND POEMS. Peter Quennell. Golden Cockerel Press. Os. INSTINCT AND IMPULSE. Dr. von Hattingberg. Routledge. THE POEMS OF Sir A. CONAN DOYLE. Murray. 7s. 6d. THE WAY TO WILL POWER. Henry Hazlitt. Dent. 4s. Bd. THE REED OF PAN. Translations of Greek Epigrams. A. C. POWER THROUGH REPOSE. Annic Payson Call. Gay and Hancock. Benson. Murray. 7s. 6d. 3s. 6d. THE HOUR OF Magic. W. H. Davies. Decorated by William CONFLICT AND DREAM. W. H. R. Rivers, M.D., F.R.S. RoutNicholson. Cape. 7s. 6d. ledge. MANSOUL. Charles Montagu Doughty. Revised Edition. METHODS AND EXPERIMENTS IN MENTAL TESTS. C. A. RichardCape. 21s. son, M.A. Harrap. 3s. 6d. LITTLE POEMS FROM THE GREEK. Second Series. Walter Leaf. A POPULAR EXPLANATION OF THE New PSYCHOLOGY. Dr. H. Grant Richards. 5s. Laing Gordon. Laurie. 78. éd. LAST POEMS. A. E. Housman. Grant Richards. 58. GROUP TESTS OF INTELLIGENCE. By P. B. Ballard. Hodder PIXIES' Plor. Eden Phillpotts. Grant Richards. 5s. and Stoughton. 6s. THE DIVINE COMEDY OF DANTE ALIGHIERI. Translated by THE DEAD—DO THEY LIVE? Paul Heuzé. Murray. About 6s. Melville A. Anderson. Harrap. 10s. 6d. THE COMING OF THE FAIRIES. Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. Hodder POETICAL AND DRAMATIC WORKS OF LEIGH HUNT. Edited by and Stoughton. Illustrated. 12s. 6d. H. S. Milford. Milford. THE NEW PSYCHOLOGY AND THE PARENT. Dr. H. Crichton LATER POEMS. W. B. Yeats. Macmillan Miller. Jarrolds. 6s. THE CALL OF THE OPEN. A Nature Anthology. Edited by STUDIES IN PSYCHO-ANALYSIS. Prof. C. Baudouin. Allen and Leonard H. Stowell. Black. 58. Unwin. About 12s. 6d. MODERN AMERICAN POETS. Selected by Conrad Aiken. Secker. 6s. SOME APPLICATIONS OF PSYCHO-ANALYSIS. Dr. O. Pfister. NOEL : AN EPIC IN SEVEN CANTOS. Gilbert Cannan. Secker. 21s. Allen and Unwin. About 18s. THE BALLAD OF ST. BARBARA. G. K. Chesterton. Palmer. PSYCHOLOGY AND MORALS. J. A. Hadfield. Methuen. Os. 78. 6d. THE PSYCHOLOGY OF THE CRIMINAL. With special reference COLLECTED POEMS. Edwin Arlington Robinson. Palmer. 21s. to Psycho-analysis. M. Hamblin Smith. Methuen. 6s. DOWN-A-Down DERRY. Walter De la Mare. Illustrations. OCCULTISM AND MODERN SCIENCE. T. Konstantin Oesterreich, Constable. 15s. Professor of Philosophy at Tübingen. Methuen. 7s. 6d. POEMS BY GEORGE SANTAYANA. Constable. About 10s. 6d. THE PSYCHOLOGY OF SOCIAL LIFE. Charles Platt, M.D. Allen THE DREAM. John Masefield. Heinemann. 6s. and Unwin. 12s. éd. Right ROYAL. John Masefield. Illustrated by Cecil Aldin. DESIRE AND Rr.ason. Prof. K. T. Spalding. Kegan Paul. Heinemann. 15s. 8s. 6d. SHAKESPEARE TO HARDY. An Anthology Selected by Sir A. REMEMBERING FORGETTING. T. H. Pear, Methuen. Methuen. Introduction by Robert Lynd. Methuen. 6s. 7s. 6d. THE POET's LIFE OF CHRIST : AN ANTHOLOGY. Norman Ault. PsychOLOGICAL TYPES. C. G. Jung. Routledge. SIXTEEN AND UNDER. A collection of Prose and Poetry by young writers. The Chelsea Publishing Co. POEMS ABOUT BIRDS : An Anthology. H. T. Massingham. Preface by T. C. Squire. Fisher Unwin. 10s. 6d. POLITICAL CHRISTIANITY. Maud Royden. Putnam. 3s. 6d. SCIENCE
THE IRISH FREE STATE : Its EVOLUTION AND POSSIBILITIES. Albert C. White. Hutchinsons. 38. 6d. AMERICANISM : A WORLD MENACE. W. T. Colyer. Labour Publishing Co. 6s. THE SOVIET CONSTITUTION. By The Information Department of the Russian Trade Delegation. Labour Publishing Co. 58. OPPRESSED PEOPLES AND THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS. Noel Buxton and T. P. Conwil-Evans. Dent. 58. OLD DIPLOMACY AND NEw. From Salisbury to Lloyd George (1876-1922). A. L. Kennedy. Murray. 18s. NEW PALESTINE. Edited by Leon Simon and Leonard Stein. Murray. 6s. THE BIRTH OF YUGOSLAVIA. Henry Baerlein. Parsons. 42s. THE NEW WORLD. Problems in Political Geography. Isaiah Bowman. Harrap. 21s. IF BRITAIN IS TO LIVE. Norman Angell. Nisbets. A HISTORY OF THE PEACE CONFERENCE OF PARIS. Issued under the auspices of the Institute of International Affairs. Edited by H. W. V. Temperley. 5 vols. Hodder and Stoughton. £2 2s. per volume.
MAN AS A GEOLOGICAL AGENT. An account of his action on inanimate Nature. R. L. Sherlock. Photographs and maps. Witherby. 20s. THE BIOLOGY OF BIRDS. Prof. J. Arthur Thomson. Sidgwick and Jackson. About 16s. ATOMIC FORM. Edward E. Price. Longmans. 5s. THE GREAT MALARIA PROBLEM AND ITS SOLUTION. Sir Ronald Ross, K.C.B., F.R.S. Murray. About 24s. THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE, 1922. Addresses delivered at the 90th Annual Meeting of the British Association. Murray. 6s. THE MECHANISM OF HEREDITY AND ENVIRONMENT. E. G. Conklin. Scribners. About 18s. THE MECHANISM OF EVOLUTION. Edwin Grant Conklin. Scrib- 18s. THEORIES OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY. Dr. Ferdinand Henrich. Translated from revised German edition. Chapman and Hall. 30s. THE COMPLETE Radio Book. R. F. Yates and L, G. Pacent. Nash. 7s. éd. PROBLEMS OF MODERN SCIENCE. Edited by Prof. A. Dendy, D.Sc., F.R.S. Harrap. 10s. 6d. A TEXTBOOK OF GEOLOGY. Prof. A. W. Grabau. 2 vols, Harrap. 32s. Page 11
the north because its leaders would not face facts THE honestly, and had Sir James Craig any sense of statesmanship, a generous offer on his part would enable him COMMAND OF THE DEAD SEA to obtain from the minority that recognition which is vital to the stability of his Government. HEN Mr. Lloyd George has to defend himself against a charge which he cannot flatly deny, POLITICAL CORRESPONDENT writes : Of the two courses he always tells us that some other fellow was A still open to Mr. Lloyd George-(1) that of repeating just as bad as he was—if not worse. It is a method the example twice set by Mr. Asquith during the war commonly adopted by a certain not very admirable of yielding to his mutineers without reference to Parliament, type of schoolboy in a scrape, and we imagine that the and (2) that of confronting the House of Commons as soon as Prime Minister has been accustomed to employ it from possible with a challenge on an issue of confidence--I should expect him on his general record to choose the second. Since his youth up. We may be sure, at any rate, that he the later Victorian era, to be sure, resignation rather than will employ it at Manchester. Unable to deny the electoral defeat has been the usual means of exit for successive deplorable results of his policy in the Near East, he Prime Ministers. In the end, even Gladstone went out by that will throw as much blame as possible on to everybody door, and so, of course, did Rosebery, Salisbury, Balfour, Campbell-Bannerman (though only on his death-bed) and else—the French, the Italians, the Labour Party, the Asquith. To-day, however, there are reasons for waiting, if Free Liberals, this man for having wanted him to keep not for the verdict of the country, at least for that of the House the Turks out of Europe, that man for having obstructed of Commons. A final sorting-out of the sheep and the goats his plans for keeping them out, the other man for through a test division would be invaluable as a prelude to the offering no alternative policy, and so on. Thus he may coming election. hope to create a fog thick enough to conceal his pecuFrom the Prime Minister's point of view, as I have said, I liarly personal responsibility for what is perhaps the should expect this to be a more congenial course than the other. most humiliating diplomatic defeat that Great Britain Besides, is it quite certain that on a vote of confidence he would has ever suffered. We do not think, however, that he , , be beaten ? On the contrary, I believe that from motives of will succeed; the facts are too plain. ! I self-preservation the general body of the Coalition would make The indictment he has to meet has two aspects; one more rally to his side. With an election looming ahead the Ministerialist majority simply could not afford to brand all its one refers to what he intended to do, and the other is leaders alike with the stigma of open defeat. Who, under such to what he has actually done. His intentions have conditions, would be left to form the much-canvassed stopgap varied from time to time. Early in the War, when Tory Government ? Not even Mr. Bonar Law, who in truth is he anticipated an easy and rapid triumph, he declared perhaps the best man in politics to act without consultation that the Turks were a “miserable, wretched, con , with the party oracles. temptible” people who should be expelled from Europe, Consequently, though the Lloyd George legend has at last “ a human cancer, a creeping agony of the flesh to the gone up in vapour, like the mists in one of the orator's own land which they occupy. The tread of their bloodhill-top perorations, the man himself may not be dislodged so stained sandals scorches and withers life and fertility easily-possibly only at the cost of a crash in which the whole out of whole territories-every blade shrivelled up in of Tory Philistia as well as the ex-Liberal Samson might be thousands of square miles.” “I am glad,” he added, involved. Much, I fancy, will depend on the Philistine tactics. If these are conciliatory, and if the tacticians take into account " that the great day of reckoning has come and that their dangerous captive's present vexation of spirit, his not the Turk is to be called to final account for his long unnatural soreness at the fickleness of certain fair-weather record of infamy.” record of infamy.” In January, 1918, when he had sycophants and his freely proclaimed determination to go down lost his confidence in victory, his sentiments became with colours flying and drums beating—in other words, uttering less Gladstonian. He spoke of the “rich and renowned valedictory home-truths about his turncoat disciples—I should not be surprised, as Sir George Younger might say, to find a lands (no longer cancerous and withered !) which are Bill of Divorcement collusively arranged and the Coalition predominantly Turkish,” and declared that we had no dissolved by mutual consent. desire to turn the Turks out of Thrace or Constantinople. As for the Straits, they were to be placed under the Briefly, what this implies is that, though resolved not to be bullied into resignation without a retaliatory clearing-up of control of the League of Nations. “The effect of this accounts, Mr. Lloyd George nevertheless may be persuaded statement in India,” he claimed two years later, to retire on conditions. In the first place, the forthcoming that recruiting went up appreciably from that very National Conservative Conference would probably have to moment.” Then victory came, after all, and the Turk drop the idea of serving the Prime Minister with notice to quit, became as great a blackguard as ever and was turned the Conservative leaders taking action, if necessary, to veto the proposal, presumably in some such roundabout fashion as out of Thrace and Constantinople alike. The League was recently outlined in the Younger speech. Secondly, a vote of Nations dropped out of the picture simultaneously of confidence from the Commons might be required—a more or and was replaced by a proposal for a permanent Allied less hypocritical formula about which, for reasons I have already garrison on the Straits. “ The menace of British, indicated, there need be little difficulty. In any case, according French and Italian guns,” argued Mr. Lloyd George to this forecast, the sequel would be Mr. Lloyd George's retire in February, 1920, would afford a much more stable ment-by compulsion if the House so decreed, or by a save-face act of volition if the House proved compliant. and satisfactory solution of the problem than any form of International Government. At the same time he As for the hastily arranged Manchester visit, I would suggest encouraged the Greeks to advance into Asia Minor, and that it is typical at once of the Prime Minister's hardihood and at his instance the Supreme Council definitely authorised of his reliance on the tactful shortness of the Manchester memory. in May, 1920, the Greek attempt to destroy the Kemalist Possibly, however, he himself has forgotten how after a former visit to the headquarters of Manchester Liberalism, he and Mr. forces. Now, however, the tide has turned once more. Bonar Law were kept busy in Parliament for weeks explaining There are polite words for the victorious Turks, and away, line by line and point by point, the supposed significance the League of Nations is again in favour as guardian and plain commitments of that too impulsive bid for Liberal of the Straits ; Kemal is assured that we are his best unity. I may add (for this particular fruit of Coalitionism seems to have escaped notice in the local orchard) that Liberal unity; him out of Thrace, that on the contrary we will do every friends, that we have no thought whatever of keeping as Mr. Lloyd George conceives it, left both Manchester and Salford at the last election without a single Liberal member, I believe thing we can to facilitate the re-establishment of the for the first time. _Will it be for the last ? “ human cancer” in Europe if only he will allow us Page 12
Now the crux of Indian tariff policy is cotton; and in signed by five Indian members, including the president. reference to cotton there is one conviction above all others This minute must be taken as a politico-economic manithat prevails among the educated classes. It is this : festo embodying the opinion, or sentiment, of many millions that Free Trade was imposed upon India by the Imperial of Indians. In a spirit of hostility to British policy and Government at the dictation of the interests concentrated Western enterprise, it comes out for unfettered protection, in Lancashire; that thereby the native manufactures to be applied by the Indian Legislatures as the full reprewere mercilessly ruined ; and that, in consequence, India sentatives of the people. The majority, with its European must insist upon the establishment of a complete system and Parsee elements, conceives discrimination to be an of protection for her own salvation. The pivot of this essential part of any possible tariff policy for India, and controversy is the countervailing excise duty on Indian has no antagonism to foreign enterprise as such. On the cotton, which for nearly forty years has been the object of contrary, it expresses the view that “ India for many years attack by Indian politicians. to come is likely to concentrate on the simpler forms of Here is the position. Before the war cotton yarn was manufactured goods.” The Indian minority repudiates admitted into India free, while piece-goods carried an this forecast. We want India,” its members say, “to import duty of 31 per cent., with a countervailing excise rise to a commanding position in the matter of her industrial duty of the same amount. These imposts were the occasion development. development.” Hence, going beyond the simple condemof a famous Parliamentary event in the 'nineties. Just nation of the excise duty on Indian cotton goods, they before the Rosebery Government came to an end a joint assert the necessity for its immediate abolition, coupled Lancashire-Chamberlain faction made an attempt to get with the building of a tariff wall which, in their vision, the import duty repealed. The assault was successfully would not only keep out the European and create prosperity repulsed by the then Secretary for India, Sir Henry Fowler, for India, but would also magically achieve the restoration in a notable debating speech, which had the effect of driving of that brilliance in Indian manufacture which has been the question under for more than twenty years. The war a legend in Europe for a thousand years. The point here brought an important change in the situation. In 1917, is one of a very interesting contradiction. The majority after a prolonged controversy in England and India, the of the Commission, holding a doctrine of the tariff which import duty on cotton piece-goods was raised to 7 per cent., accords fairly well with accepted European and American the excise duty remaining unchanged. In 1921 the import protectionist ideas, looks upon large-scale industry as by duty was further raised, to the relatively high figure of its nature Western, an influence from which India must 11 per cent., again without an increase of the excise duty; be defended with discrimination, India herself being and not many months ago an import duty of 5 per cent. encouraged, for at least another period, to develop mainly was imposed on cotton yarn without a corresponding " the simpler forms of manufactured goods.” And over excise duty. Here, as we can see, is a ticklish problem for against these theorists another group, strictly nationalist the Commission, with its principle of discrimination and in conception, insists upon an India absolutely protected, its suggested method for adjusting protection to the needs and yet, despite her simplicity and Easternness, making of revenue. The cotton mills of Bombay and Nagpur for a commanding position in industrial development. The represent anything but an infant industry. They have judgment of Mr. Gandhi on this singular contradiction been and are extraordinarily flourishing, and in the face should be interesting. The discriminate protection of the of the phenomena they present, the Commissioners, not majority would to him appear absurdly moderate, but he unnaturally, prefer to leave the problem of adjustment to would sympathise strongly with their notion of an India the hypothetical Tariff Board. wedded to the simpler forms of manufacture. And, on the It is significant that when they come to the excise duty other hand, he would applaud the principle of economic the Commissioners recognise that it cannot be dealt with Swaraj enunciated by the aggressive minority of the Com- . on economic principles only or even mainly. In the eyes mission, while shuddering at their aim of a powerful inof the Indian people in general, it is the symbol of a long dustrialised India. The practical matter, however, is not standing injustice, and hence the Commissioners find them the intellectual confusions within the Fiscal Commission selves driven to an unreserved condemnation. The excise itself, but the universal protectionist opinion of educated duty on cotton manufactured in India is a damnosa here India. We have to be prepared for the impending results ditas. It carries a load of historic associations, and there in Indian politics and the Legislature. That those results fore the Commission affirms that the Imperial Government will take the form of a vigorous drive towards a new and should“ clean the slate" by getting rid of it. But what comprehensive tariff law there would seem to be no manner of an 11 per cent. import duty on cotton piece-goods which of doubt. would then be left without the mitigation of a 3} per cent. excise? The Commissioners confess that it “might have the effect of contravening the principles of taxation” THE PRINCIPLE OF NONwhich they have evolved; and, since the question is RESTRAINT IN THE TREATMENT , one of deep political and racial sentiment and not merely of fiscal theory, they conclude that it must be left to the OF INSANITY Indian Legislatures for decision. There still remains, however, the question of the 5 per cent. duty on cotton III. yarn. The Commissioners point out that this new duty is N my last article I spoke generally of the folly and .supported by those who are interested in the Indian spin- irrationality of locking up together and indiscrimining industry, but disapproved of by the handloom weavers, nately all types of insane persons in lunatic asylums. who consume the great bulk of imported yarn and whose In my present article I shall show the irrationality, as well I numbers and hereditary skill are the foundation of the as cruelty, of confining the individual insane in locked or hopes preached by the apostles of the Swadeshi movement. padded rooms as a recognised form of treatment, and much “ "We feel,” say the Commissioners," that we are not in more so as a stereotyped form of punishment. Except in a position to pronounce any definite opinion regarding the hospital cases, I have no hesitation in condemning solitary propriety of this duty”-a precautionary confession which confinement in a locked cell of any kind absolutely. As a would seem to foreshadow the endless difficulties of the curative measure, it is as a rule worse than useless, though as a method of ill-treatment it takes first rank. In ninetyWe come now to an aspect of the problem as to which nine cases out of a 100 its object is simply to save the doctors the British public will certainly need a good deal of edu and attendants trouble. It is, as I have said over and over cation. The report of the Commission is unanimous; again, so much easier to confine an insane person than there is no minority report, but there is a minute of dissent attempt to cure him. It is, of course, mostly the trouble Page 13
To the Editor of THE NEW STATESMAN. are at Geneva, is to create in each country a youth movement Sın,-The article which you published last week under the fired with the desire to spread a spirit of mutual understanding above heading seems to me to be likely to mislead rather among the nations, and to work for the substitution of reason seriously readers not specially familiar with the questions raised ; for the force which has hitherto only heightened international and I therefore venture to offer the following comments upon it. misunderstandings, and to that end to support the widest concep1. The English Universities are on the whole less likely to tion of a League of Nations. Briefly, its object is to save the overvalue the lecture method of instruction than any Universities generations following us from being sacrificed as our generation in the world. In general, Englishmen lecture much worse, and has been sacrificed. like lectures much less, than either Frenchmen or Germans. It is not easy to start such a movement in this country, but Oxford is one of the very few Universities in which there are no we are convinced it can and ought to be done, unless Great compulsory lectures. Discussion between student and tutor is Britain is to be left outside this great effort for future peace. the accepted method, if there is one. We believe that there are many organisations and individuals 2. The older University Extension relied mainly on this of our own youth who are infused with the new spirit, and who method ; and, though it did and does valuable work, it is will be glad to co-operate with us in calling a conference of youth generally recognized as having failed to achieve its original aims in London, for the purpose of founding a British League, to be or to have behind it the real force of the Universities. Too affiliated to the International League at Geneva. To all such great reliance on the lecture method is recognized as a main we appeal, in the hope that they will communicate with us at cause of this failure. the address given below.-Yours, etc., 3. The Tutorial Classes of recent years, profiting by this Blake House, 16 Green Street, ADA JORDAN. experience, have developed methods of their own. The normal Trafalgar Square, W.C. MOYA JOWITT. procedure may be described as an hour's lecture followed by an hour's discussion : but this description conceals the essential THE LATE GEORGE MACDONALD difference implicit in the fact that the audience of the “ lecture” never exceeds thirty in number. Anyone who has lectured will To the Editor of THE New STATESMAN. understand the significance of this limitation, which really SIR,-I am now at work upon a biography of my father, the makes a lecture of the oratorical type an impossibility. late George MacDonald, the Scottish poet and novelist. 4. At the recent Adult Education Conference the Tutorial I shall be greatly indebted if you will, through this communicaClasses were taken by general consent as the type of extra tion, advise your readers of the fact, and that I should be grateful mural University work. The word “ Tutorial ” was, of course, if they would let me have any letters of my father or anything chosen as implying contact with individuals instead of with that might be useful to me.--Yours, etc., masses, i.e., instruction by conversation rather than by lectures. GREVILLE MACDONALD, M.D. 5. I attended all the meetings of the Conference ; but I did Wildwood, Haslemere, Surrey. not hear any speaker congratulate his University on the export to Adult Students. On the contrary, it was recognised Miscellany that Adult Education presented its own problems and would develop, as it has already begun to develop, its own methods, THE ACHIEVEMENT OF MODERN not without fruitful reaction upon intra-mural work. For good or evil, there is and can be no question of “the extension ART of university teaching in its present forms to the wider masses of the people.” T is commonly believed by inartistic people that there 6. As to these forms and methods themselves, no teachers is a kind of standard, or absolute, likeness to nature are more sceptical and less uniform than University teachers. They are often said, and very possibly with justice, to teach at which all painters ought to aim, that if ten painters badly ; but they cannot be said with justice to teach alike or on painted the same scene as well as possible, their pictures the same lines. I would respectfully suggest to the writer of would be just alike; in fact, that differences of representathe article that they, like their pupils, learn (in this matter) tion are a proof of failure. Artistic people know that is largely from “ the close unorganized contact of mind with wrong, but they are usually no less wrong themselves ; mind," i.e., from conversation with one another and with their for they have learned from Whistler, who in his successes pupils, and are best left free to experiment for themselves. It at least did not practise what he preached, that the painter is surely evident that the less elementary instruction is, the less can it adopt prescribed methods. A good University teacher should get from nature only hints for the making of his needs a different “ technique ” for every pupil, as a good school pictures. They repeat his remark, “ To say that the master no doubt does for every different class.-Yours, etc., painter should imitate nature is to say that the pianist St. John's College, Oxford. J. L. STOCKS. should sit on the piano," as if it solved the difficulty of the artist's relation to nature. But when a man sits on the To the Editor of The New STATESMAN. piano, he does nothing at all, whereas, when he draws from SIR,—With reference to your article on the doubtful value nature, he is always making some kind of selection; he of lectures in University education, may I remind you of what must always draw from nature; he cannot even attempt Dr. Johnson said on this subject in 1781 : “ Lectures were once to draw nature, and the question still remains—what is useful ; but now, when all can read and books are so numerous, his right relation to nature when he draws it ? lectures are unnecessary. If your attention fails and you miss Great artists in all countries have insisted on the import8 part of the lecture it is lost ; you cannot go back as you do ance of loyalty to nature; the Chinese insist on it as do upon a book."-Yours, etc., F. A. BROMLEY, Leonardo and Millet. Their attitude to nature is not that Weston Vicarage, Bath. of a student who looks through a text book of decorative motives to find what he can use in making some pattern A LEAGUE OF YOUTH of his own. Nature seems to exercise some compulsion To the Editor of THE NEW STATESMAN. on them in which they rejoice like lovers, not like slaves. Sir,-Feeling that the time is more than ripe to co-ordinate But what is this compulsion ? It certainly is not to reach all the forces of youth which stand for Peace and the ideal some absolute standard of likeness ; for, the more they of Human Brotherhood, we, who were present at the second con- succeed in what they call truth to nature, the less is that ference of the International League of Youth, ask for the courtesy truth like the truth of other artists. That is the paradox; of your columns in order to make it more widely known. but it is not confined to painting. Musicians like Beethoven The International League of Youth was founded by a young talk of truth in music; poets talk of truth and nature in Dane, Hermod Lannung, as a safeguard for the coming generations against the horrors of a war such as we have just experi- poetry. They all recognise some compulsion of external enced. A preliminary conference was held at Copenhagen last fact, or rather of their experience of external fact; to none year, and the nations which responded held a second conference of them is nature something they can do what they like on September 2nd, 1922, at Hamburg, to report on the year's with, something from which they get hints for a pattern work and to arrange the programme for the future. of their own. The people who do that produce dead The main purpose of the new League, whose headquarters decorative pictures, dead kapelmeister's music, dead minor Page 14
The story of that child's appetite continues grimly : But when he reached them he never looked at them. Stone You might as well have attempted to stay the appetite of a young meant little to him and grass even less. To stare at inanimate cuckoo. He ate them with both hands. He ate them with all objects, when one might be pressing one's way into the minds parts of his face-with his mouth, with his ears, and with the parts of great men, was sheer waste of time. He left Germany and of his cheeks just under his eyes. His face was one large palette of went to Switzerland. He was determined to meet Rousseau chocolate stains up to the roo of his hair. After the first twenty and, though discouraged by Lord Keith, addressed him a remarkmiles of the journey it would have been impossible to tell to what able letter (one of a number which have never before been pubnationality he belonged. He looked like a mulatto who had been lished) in which he explained why the meeting would be of adopted into the family of a stoker. profit to them both. “Trust a unique foreigner. You will Worse things follow, and there is a little necessary adjustment never repent it.” Rousseau was vanquished. Boswell proceeded of the boy's position in the compartment before the story ends. to confide his love affairs and to ask his advice. Should he It ends optimistically, for Mr. Lynd would not willingly kill learn to play upon the lyre ? “ What do you seriously think of anyone ; but I wonder if that child's mother, if she has read this duels ? " The questions, baited with ingenious folly, were epic, will trust her son again to the author of The Sporting Life. artfully framed. To Rousseau he would talk romantically I hope she will. He may take liquorice on the next journey. about love and music; to Johnson reverently about ethics and religion; to Wilkes impudently like one man of the world to another. For all his exuberance, Boswell was a conscious MORE BOSWELL artist, and it is one of the merits of the present book that it lets Young Boswell. By CHAUNCEY BREWSTER TINKER. Putnam. us see him, removed from the dominant influence of Johnson, 15s. adapting himself with quicksilver sensibility to his company and The most interesting sentence in Mr. Tinker's interesting using his foibles, as stammerers are said to use their impediment, book is this : “I refer the reader to my forthcoming edition of to heighten an effect. Even the irreticence and the exuberance Boswell's correspondence.” For one of the most amusing books may be partly a disguise. So a painter in company stops to in the world is the Letters of James Boswell to the Rev. W. J. catch an attitude ; or a novelist, who has stirred the talk with Temple, reprinted by Messrs. Sidgwick and Jackson in 1908. impetuosity, falls silent when sure of some fact. This deliberaMr. Tinker it appears has discovered fresh letters ; a few extracts tion, this hidden and rather cold-blooded purpose, was innate in are given to whet our appetite in the present volume; and we Boswell, and showed itself even in the travelling carriage when may therefore look forward not only to reading Boswell more he had his note-book with him and meant to sketch a character conveniently, but to reading some of him for the first time. of the Earl, his companion. Aloofness, hard-beaded and perHere Mr. Tinker is content merely to point and expatiate. Here fectly self-possessed, is one of the elements which mix so strangely are short essays upon Boswell in Holland, Boswell in love, Boswell in his turbulent composition and make it so complex, even one with Voltaire, Rousseau, Wilkes, Boswell as a biographer and may venture to add, so lovable at this distance of time. so on. The essays are various but the motive always the same But the women of his own age found it hard to fall in love with to extenuate, or, as Mr. Tinker has it, to ameliorate the view him. “I wish I liked you as well as I do Auchinleck," said which is generally held of Boswell. For Boswell, he thinks, the candid Miss Blair (and Boswell reported it). Zélide, as has fared badly at the hands of the critics. We have lectured Mlle. de Zuylen christened herself, went into the question him and laughed at him. The Boswells themselves are ashamed more minutely. She was an infidel and a mathematician ; of him. First they burnt his manuscripts and next they per but she was subject to fits of passionate sensibility, and sistently repulse all scholars who have the temerity to apply had fine throat. Unfortunately (for they suited each to them for assistance. Mr. Tinker appears as the champion, other very well) they talked too much about their feelings. indeed almost as the boon companion—“ O Jemmy Boswell, Boswell was too explicit ; Zélide too analytical. She did not Jemmy Boswell, 0," he exclaims—of the irrepressible genius like Scotland; she did not like the Christian religion; she who flouted the conventions of British respectability. could not promise to make herself “ agreeable to honest country now, O reader, if all this disgusts or pains you, pray close the neighbours” for six months of the year. “Je ne vaudrois rien book and read in it no more, for the story of James Boswell is pour votre femme," she wrote. “Je n'ai pas les talens subnot for you. There are serious and admirable books for those alternes.” So she married a Frenchman, and Boswell, with that who wish to associate with an author who is consistently modest ineptitude which distinguished him in practical affairs, wobbled and dignified,” etc., etc. But Mr. Tinker, who writes from into marriage with his cousin mild Margaret Montgomery, and Yale University, has somehow got it wrong. The Boswells never enjoyed the delights of brisk conjugal argument with an fought at Flodden; they have lived at Auchinleck since 1504 ; infidel who loved conic sections and was proud of her throat. the blood of Bruce flows in their veins. Of course they are ashamed of James Boswell. So was Boswell himself. That But it is a little futile to speculate whom Boswell might have is the way in which Boswells are made. As for the British married, and what he might have done, when we are faced with public who have "wagged their heads with indignation” at the perennial question how he wrote a book which nobody else Boswell's escapades, this again is merely a form which great has succeeded even in imitating. No one can explain ; but men in the Victorian Age went through in public. Macaulay Mr. Tinker gives us something to go upon. He makes it clear and Carlyle were the last to wag with any conviction. The that extreme accuracy is one of the essentials. He prints the habit is now extinct. only surviving note of Johnson's talk, and beside it the finished It is perfectly true, of course, that Boswell is laughed at. version which appeared in the Life. The finished version is If by any chance the reader has forgotten why, let him refresh pointed and dramatised, but the significant phrases are reprohis memory by reading on pages 44 and 45 how Boswell travelled duced word for word. “When I first entered Ranelagh, it gave on the continent with the Earl Marischal of Scotland and an expansion and gay sensation to my mind,” said Johnson. Emetulla, the Earl's adopted daughter, a Turk. The Turk was The phrase expansion and gay sensation ” appears in both indolent and silent; but Boswell poured forth, much to the versions. We may be sure that those were the very words Earl's amazement, views of all kinds, visionary and hypochon- Johnson used. A proof sheet again makes Johnson say of driacal. “He has often seen spirits,” Lord Keith wrote, “I Burke : His vigour of mind is incessant"; but this Boswell do hope that he will not fall into the hands of people who will corrected to “ His stream of mind is perpetual,” adding in the turn his head completely.” The little scene of the Earl, the lady margin“ I restore. I find the exact words as to Burke,” for and the chattering boy in the travelling carriage brings over us he had obviously looked into his note-book and found the exact the charm of the garrulous and undignified man, who was always phrase as it was spoken. Still, we do not get much further in talking nonsense and yet said such clever things, who was always our analysis. Accuracy is not enough. Most people with an being snubbed and yet bobbed up again to put some still more eye for character and a trained memory can pounce upon salient preposterous question—what, for instance, would Dr. Johnson phrases ; but to imbed them in living matter, so that they seem do if he found himself in a tower alone with a new-born baby? to grow and flower and be part of the whole, requires genius. But the laughter is not wholly the laughter of ridicule ; there is Either the reporter is too servile, or too much himself; he affection in it and even a touch of envy, for how pleasant he copies or he gets in the way. One must be transparent, yet makes it to throw dignity to the winds and scramble for life with by no means negative. One must be bold and impudent and both hands in the gutter. Already at the age of twenty-four impulsive, yet have one's wits collected and one's eyes open. this boy, bred in the wilds of Ayrshire, knew Dr. Johnson ; One must be consumed with a passion for the intellect, yet be had met Hume; had an illegitimate son ; was in love with sensually alive and kicking. One must worship the great Zélide ; was about to meet Rousseau and Voltaire ; and was moralist, and yet have a child by a black woman. One must travelling with the Earl Marischal of Scotland, and a silent the conclusion is inevitable-be Boswell. Turkish lady to visit the most famous sights in Europe. Page 15
Tinker, Tailor." A Child's Guide to the Professions. By A. P. surprise in financial circles, as it has been apparent for some HERBERT. Illustrated by Geo. MORROW. Methuen. 3s. 6d. time that the company's programme was in excess of its Mr. Herbert's verses, which have mostly appeared in Punch, are resources. It is an amalgamation of firms engaged in the uneven in quality, but many of them are funny. “ The Doctor" and cutlery and other trades that are a speciality of Sheffield, and “The Diplomat” are, perhaps, the best ; but “The Farmer who it claims to be the largest manufacturer of table cutlery in the “carries his heart in his boots ” (for either the rain is destroying his world. The company was formed in August, 1919, with a grain, or the drought is destroying his roots) arouses sympathy, and capital of £1,000,000, which was increased, until it now stands “The Sailor” is irresistible : at £1,250,000 of 10 per cent. cumulative preference shares and He sits in the sun with a pannikin of gin, £2,750,000 of ordinary shares. In addition there are £850,000 And remarks with an oath that the tide's a-coming in ; of 8 per cent. first mortgage debentures, the bulk of which And when the tide is up, if there's anyone about, was offered at 95 per cent. The company, like so many amalHe remarks with a curse that the tide's a-going out. gamations formed during the boom period, was over-capitalised, When a ship comes in with a complicated rig, and the high rates of interest mentioned above as having to be He can tell you at a glance if she's a brigate or a frig ; paid on that portion of the capital which is fixed interestAnd the one sort of ship that he never could abide, bearing, constitutes a heavy financial burden. In December, Is a ship that's at sea with himself inside. 1921, the company formed a subsidiary, Sheffield Steel ProBut nothing in the book is funnier than the publisher's announcement ducts (Stores), Limited, with a capital of £500,000, of which on the cover that “in this diverting book the duties of the Diplomat, £300,000 of 10 per cent. cumulative preference shares are the Squire, the Farmer, the Actress and many other professional guaranteed by the mother company. This subsidiary was persons are fearlessly revealed, and no boy who has not yet decided ... formed to open a number of shops through which the manucan afford to ignore it.” Mr. Morrow has drawn the right drawings factures of the mother company would be sold direct to the We hope Mr. Herbert is as grateful to him as we are. public, a proceeding which has not increased the popularity of its productions among merchants and ironmongers. It does The Sea Gypsies of Malaya. By WALTER GRAINGE WHITE, F.R.G.S. not follow that, because a Receiver has been appointed, the Seeley Service. 21s. business will be closed down ; probably it will be continued Along the extreme tongue of the British possessions in Farther and the company's capital written down to a figure that will India, where Burma merges with Malaya, on the borders of Siam. there exists the little-known race of the Mawken, who inhabit the permit of profitable trade. Mergui Archipelago. These Mawken, to judge by externals, are scarcely better off than the mudfish on which they live." The humanistic research of Mr. White shows them to be intelligent and Business appears to be improving in the United States, capable, however degraded by circumstance. The author was the although some of the financial interests express doubt as to chaplain of the Tenasserim, but has no missionary intolerance. He whether the high wages that the coalminers and the railwayrealises that “race prejudice is not all on one side,” and tells us that men have been able to maintain on the whole will not affect the “Mawken, who would be classed in Britain as 'uncivilised trade, for, they point out, a continuance of high wages means savages,' are inferiors only because they have not been called upon higher working costs. They do not add that it also means to develop their powers.” The word Mazken means the sea-drowned, higher purchasing power. Figures just published as to the and this people has been driven on to the muddy coast by the pressure of the Burmese and Siamese, and the forays of Malay pirates have production of motor vehicles in the United States show that reduced them to inhabiting house-boats (called kabangs) year in, year for the first eight months of this year 1,664,000 cars and lorries out, and living on fish and such articles as they can obtain by barter. were turned out, and the total for the year is expected to They have no metals, next to no pottery, no art; their only weapons exceed 2,000,000. The present prosperity of the motor-car are hardwood spears, tipped with fish bones, or imported bits of iron ; trade in the United States, it is estimated, provides employment their only musical instruments are drums and stopless flutes made for 2,250,000 workers, and it is stated that the manufacture of bamboo. Their language is strictly “isolating, ." but without of motor cars and their parts absorbs 4 per cent. of the country's "tones." Their religious notions are only those of superstitious dread. iron and steel production, 16 per cent. of its copper, 20 per cent. The impression left on the reader's mind is that this race is not of its tin, 22 per cent. of its aluminium and 30 per cent. of degenerate but poverty-stricken-a natural slum. They display great the plate glass manufactured in the country. Unemployment ingenuity in burning-out boats, constructing rude implements, in has decreased considerably. A year ago something like 5,500,000 navigation and, above all in adaptability. The author laboriously workers were out of employment; it is estimated that this learned their language and began educating them in it and through sum is now reduced to 1,500,000, and in some parts of the it, devised a script, taught them elementary religion, translated the Gospel of St. Mark, and introduced them to useful devices of our country labour shortages in certain trades are reported. civilisation. Incidentally, he has rendered anthropology a substantial service through this new and unprejudiced survey. It is a pity the sketch-map has no scale and omits so many of the places mentioned As was anticipated, the Daily Mail Trust 7 per cent. in the text.debenture stock was hugely oversubscribed, the number of applications being 45,466 and the total amount applied for £48,682,935. With so enormous a number of applications and so large an over-subscription, a pro rata allotment would result in every applicant receiving about one-thirtieth of what he * HE Stock Exchange has been cheered by the signing applied for, e.g., a person desirous of subscribing for £500 of of the protocol with the Turks, and prices rose on the stock would receive less than £20. Instead of doing this, Wednesday in most sections. The immediate over-subscrip- which would have caused general dissatisfaction, and instead tion of Bryant and May's £750,000 of 5 per cent. debenture stock of undertaking the thankless task of arbitrarily eliminating offered at 93 is significant, for out of it will be paid off the some classes of subscribers, the issuing house, the British £300,000 of 7} per cent. five-year notes which the company Foreign and Colonial Corporation, has hit upon the happy had power to redeem between 1922 and 1925. Other com device of determining allotments by drawings in the presence panies which have power to pay off debt incurred by them of a notary. This creates an interesting precedent, which is at high rates of interest will follow suit ; but it is not every likely to be followed in future cases of heavy over-subscription. company whose position is so good as to enable it to borrow It is a pity that the principle cannot be applied to Stock from the public at a rate and price that yield only £5 7s. 6d. Exchange transactions as a whole. Instead of selecting their per cent. The proposal of the Colonial Office Committee particular fancy, people who will speculate (voluntarily or (known as the Stevenson Committee) to restrict by legislative involuntarily) might send up their money to the Committee action the output of rubber has been approved on this side, of the Stock Exchange, who could place the investors' names and will now be brought before the Legislatures of the Straits daily in a hat and have them drawn in the presence of a notary Settlements, the Malay States and Ceylon. The whole rubber for division into three groups—(1) those who are to lose all position is improving, and I have heard of forward sales which their money ; (2) those who are to lose only half of it ; (3) those indicate that American manufacturers do not anticipate a who are to get their money back after a delay of six months. continuance of the present low price, which, however, is two- The last would, of course, be the lucky ones, for, unless you pence or more per pound higher than a few weeks ago. Oils happen to be on the inside, Stock Exchange dealings at the are undecided, but Mexican Eagle 7 per cent. preference at best are like those automatic machines one finds at seaside 18s. 9d. are in my opinion much undervalued. places in which you put a penny, and, if you are specially skilful and win, you receive your penny back. I present the The news that a Receiver has been appointed for the Sheffield idea to the Committee of the Stock Exchange. Steel Products, Limited, has not been received with any great A. EMIL DAVIES. Page 16
ARTHUR STOCKWELL, 29 Ludgate Hill, E.C. 4.
Underground, 10 mins. from High Street, overlooking gardens. Gas fires ; own meters. Meals optional.-Box 814, NEW STATESMAN, II Great Queen Street, Kingsway, London, W.C. 2. OMFORTABLE HOME for young man engaged during day. STATESMAN, 10 Great Queen Street, Kingsway, London, W.C. 2. EW GUEST HOUSE. For Professional Gentlewomen only. Bracing situation in Golder's Green. Convenient 'Buses and Tube. Re. decorated throughout. Large double bed-sitting-toom vacant. Gas fires ; constant hot water. Good cuisine. Partial board. -Write Box 765, 19 Great Queen Street, Kingsway, W.C. 2. OOMS, with Breakfast, Gentlewomen (prof., bus., students), temp.
NATIONAL UNION FOR EQUAL CITIZENSHIP. Lecture by J. D. BERESFORD on “ RELATIVES,” 50 Porchester Terrace, W. 2, at 4.30, On OCTOBER 19th.
PRIVATE SOCIAL TOURS. 41 DEVONSHIRE ST., THEOBALD'S ROAD, W.C. First Class. GENTLEMEN AND LADIES. (Close to Southampton Row.) Nov. 7. ALGERIA-TUNISIA 98 gns. Painted and Decorated Furniture, Hand Thrown Pottery, Nov. 11. SPAIN and TANGIER 35 days.: 125 gns. Plaited Felt Rugs and Slippers, Shepherd Smocks, Dalmatics, Dec. 12. EGYPT, PALESTINE, DAMASCUS. Thibald ” Jerkins and Hand-made Jewellery. Miss BISHOP, F.R.G.S., 159 Auckland Road, London, S.E. 19. BOURNEMOUTH WEST on roham Hurst Boarding House, Durley Rond. Few minutes from Clifi. Lift, trams and shops. LIVERPOOL VICTORIA Gas fire in bedrooms. Comfortable winter quarters.-Apply Miss K, M. ELLIS. FRIENDLY SOCIETY. AT HYDRO the baths and all other advantages of a Hydro at moderate cost. Tel. 341. Chief Office : St. Andrew Street, London, E.C.4. BOURNEMOUTH...-Winchmore, 29 Knyveton Road, East Cliff. Board Residence, Pleasant Garden, Garage. From 3 Guineas. CLAIMS PAID £17,300,000 INVESTED FUNDS £10,500,000 BRIGH RIGHTON BOARDING ESTABLISHMENT. All bedrooms ANNUAL INCOME £3,800,000 electric light, hot water, gas fires. Pure, varied, generous diet.- Tarifi from Mr. and Mrs. MASSINGHAM, 17 Norfolk Tetrace. LIFE AND ENDOWMENT ASSURANCES AT Guest POPULAR RATES. Best locality, central, quite near sea and Downs. Tennis.-Mrs. ROGERS (Cookery diploma.) Liverpool Victoria Approved Society:-Our numerous Branch Offices and Agents throughout the Kingdom transact National Health HO OTEL PENSION, Belmont, Mürren, Switzerland. Comfortable. Insurance. ARTHUR HENRI, Secretary. Moderate terms. Excellent cuisine. Highly recommended by English ladies. PARTNERSHIP ASSURANCE. APPOINTMENTS VACANT AND WANTED. Life Assurance furnishes the ideal method of protecting a partnership EVEN VENING SECRETARIAL WORK required (London). Lady against the death of a partner. Secretary, aged 20, qualified, desires Post one or_more evenings a week. Shorthand and typing. Trial week offered.-B. G., Box 813, New STATESMAN, 10 Great Queen Street, Kingsway, London, w.C. 2. PRUDENTIAL ASSURANCE CO., LTD., HOLBORN BARS, LONDON, E.C. 1. ISS EDITH NIGHTINGALE, L.R.A.M., desires engagements as lehet concerts or for practising. Excellent testimonials.-Write 38 BOOLER OOKS.-William Watson's Poems, 2 vols., 1905. 128. 60.; Masefield's Tragedy of Man, Ist Edition, rare, £7 78.; Holmes' Autocrat, Poet, and Professor of the Breakfast Table, 1884. 3 Vols., 1os. 6d. į Georgian Freemasonry Ars Quatuor Coronatorum,. 14. vols.,. £12 128., 1902-19151 O ENSURE, as far as possible, Anderson's Constitutions, 1769, £3 38.; Burke's Limehouse Nights, 79. 6d. Burke's I winkletoes, 75. 6d.; Holbrook Jackson, The Eighteen-Nineties, ist Edition, 1973, £3 39.; Lord Dunsany's Book of Wonder, ist Edition, £3. 108. Fifty-one Tales, the regular delivery of The New Ist Edition, 258.; Hume's Spanish Influence on English Literature, 58., Baldwin Brown, Stoics and Saints, 1893, 28. gd. ; Rae's Life of Adam Smith, 1895, 68. Gribble's STATESMAN it is necessary for every Romantic Life of Shelley, 1911, 78. 6d. ; Scientific Papers of John Couch Adams, 2 Vols., 1896, AT ; Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam, illus., bỹ Chinese artists, ist Edition, reader either 138. ; Ruvigny's Titled Nobility of Europe, last Edition, 1914, 428., for 6. ; Chester ton's The New Jerusalem, _79. 6d. ; Soldier Songs by Patrick Macgill, signed, limited (1) To become a Postal Subscriber edition, ios. 6d., 1917; Durham and Northumberland Parish Registers, 33 Vols., £7 nos. ; Greenwich Hospital, with coloured plates by G. Crulksbank, 1826, £10 or (2) To place a definite order with a The Sketch, Vols. 1 to 80, magnificent lot, $30; The Tatler, Vols. I to 46, fine lot, £21; Illustrated London News, 46 Vols., 112 Heptameron, trans. by Saintsbury, Newsagent. with many illus., 5 Vols., privately printed, 13 108. Autobiographies of Edward Gibbon, edited by John Murray, 1896, £2 25.; Sterne's Works, 1783, rare set, 7 Vols., A Postal Subscription costs : £2 28.; Lane's Arabian Nights, illus. by Brangwyn, 6 Vols., L.P. only 250 done, 26 68. ; Suess Face of the Earth, 4 Vols., 14 49. ; Everyman, a Morality Play, Riccardo One Year Press, £3 155. ; Plutarch's Lives, 6 Vols., 1819, 62 28. Rawlinson's Ancient Mon- most valuable Reference Book to Baxter Print Collectors, 23 58. } Wilde's Salome, Six Months Wus. by Beardsley, 1912, 158.; send also for catalogue. If you want a book and have failed to find it elsewhere, try me. I am the most expert book-finder extant. BOOKS One Quarter, WANTED : Joyce Ulysses ; Cabell's Jurgen ; Masefield's Salt Water Ballads, 1902. -BAKER'S GREAT BOOKSHOP, John Bright Street, Birmingham. and should be addressed to The Manager, OOKS FOR SALE.-Boswell's Life of Johnson, 6 vols., 258. ; The New STATESMAN, 10 Great Queen Sir Walter Scott's Novels, 25 vols., £3 158.; Burton's Arabian Nights, 17 vols., Street, Kingsway, London, W.C.2. It any unexpurgated, £20 ; Real Life in London, 2 vols., 1827-9, coloured plates by Alken, £10 ios. ; Bryan's Dictionary of Painters, s vols., [1 108.: Amateur Mechanic, Postal Subscriber in Great Britain fails to 4 vols., 358.; Century Dictionary, 8 vols., £4 103. (cost [16); Riggs' Decameron, 2 vols. 359. (pub. £3 38.),; Dumas Celebrated Crime, 8 vols., £6'68. ; Dunsany's Chronicles of receive the paper regularly every Saturday, Rodriguez, signed ist edition, 633. ; Hampshire Parish Registers, 16 vols., £9; People's Physician, illus., 5 vols., 3os. (cost £3) · Balzac's Droll Stories, illus., 155. ; Cornbill a notification should be sent to above address Magazine, 42 vols., bf. call, £4 45.; Trallis Sexual Physiology, 48. 6d.; Beardsley's Early and Later Work, 2 vols., gos. ; rare books supplied ; state wants ; catalogues tree. Books wanted (3,000).. List free. Libraries purchased, HOLLAND BROS., Book Merchants, 21 John Bright Street, Birmingham,
Sackville Street, Piccadilly.
3os. od. 6d. Page 17
through the turning of land to pasture instead of tillage, THE MAIN MAIN ISSUE than a further fall of the standard of life for the whole population of the countryside. The ruin or prosperity of a State depends so much upon the administration of its government that, to be acquainted with the merit of a Ministry, we need only observe the conPOLITICAL CORRESPONDENT writes :-Like its Balfour pre- dition of the people. If we see an universal spirit of distrust decessor of seventeen years ago, the Lloyd George and dissatisfaction, a rapid decay of trade, dissensions in Government has expired on its own manæuvring all parts of the Empire and a total loss of respect in the eyes ground, and, as things are turning out, from much the same cause of foreign Powers, we may pronounce without hesitation an overdose of Chamberlainism supervening on a surfeit of that the government of that country is weak, distracted and tactics. Yet Mr. Lloyd George, perhaps alone in his broken corrupt. ... Without much political sagacity or any extraconfederacy, appears to be keeping a fairly cool head. That, ordinary depth of observation, we need only mark how the of course, is not everybody's view, and indeed it might well principal departments of the State are bestowed, and look seem to be incompatible with the high-strung emotional key no farther for the true cause of every mischief that befalls us. of the performer's platform soliloquies—his oratorical sobstuff, as the Americans phrase it—and still more with the self-com O wrote Junius, a hundred-and-fifty years ago ; placent follies attributed to him in his table-talk by his amateur and we can think of no better words in which Boswells. As usual, however, there is method in those egotistical to describe the fundamental issue of the vagaries. For one thing, since they are intellectually meaning coming General Election. There should be little less and politically a mere blank, they give nothing away, and yet efficiently fulfil the function of the conjurer's patter in divert- need for argument. A baldly-accurate statement ing the onlookers and holding the mere dupe in suspense pending of the Government's record-drawn up by anyone, the production of the next trick. even by the Cabinet Secretariat itself, provided it were truthful—is all the ammunition that any antiWhat shape the next trick will assume can already be foreseen. Coalition candidate need wish for. “We need only So far as the future of the Coalition is concerned, the electors are observe the condition of the people.” Ministers will to be invited, as the Tories at the Carlton Club appear to have been, to close their eyes and open their mouths and await no doubt devise a thousand excuses. They will seek the golden fruits of the Lloyd George lottery. As the Coalition to explain everything away, and when they cannot has gone in fact, it will also be dropped in name, only, however, explain they will offer red herrings. It is an art of to make a furtive reappearance under a more or less plausible which their chief is a pastmaster. His excuses are so alias. Thus, in the hope of enabling a few Lloyd George Liberals glib and often so plausible that a considerable section here and a few Chamberlain Unionists somewhere else to pick up votes that would normally go the straight ticket—that is of the public has actually learned to anticipate them to say, Tory on one side and Liberal or Labour on the other- and to accept them almost before they are offered. as many candidates as possible are to be encouraged to declare “Who would have done better than I have done?” themselves favourable to the formation of a Centre party, which asks Mr. Lloyd George in every public speech he in effect would be the Coalition over again. Needless to say, makes; and in ninety-nine cases out of a hundred Mr. Lloyd George envisages himself as the centre of this projected circumference of vested interests, with Lord Birkenhead, the question is intrinsically unanswerable. To ask Mr. Chamberlain and Mr. Churchill revolving within an inner it is a confession of failure ; to allow it to be asked ring as his immediate satellites. is a surrender of the first condition of efficient popular government. While I own to doubts about the satellites, doubts which Mr. No people can afford to listen to the excuses of Churchill at least would pr ably approve, I have none about the its rulers, for since it cannot check them, to listen is authenticity of the scheme in its general outline. Futile as it almost inevitably to accept. Ministers must be judged must seem to people in touch with the trend of political feeling in the constituencies, this particular bee is now firmly lodged in by results or they will not be judged at all. Unless Mr. Lloyd George's strategical bonnet. When he speaks, as I they are held to strict account even for their excusable understand he has been doing since his Manchester visit, of failures, it will be impossible to hold them to account “ sweeping Lancashire " at the next election, he can only mean, for anything. For four years Mr. Lloyd George has unless his vanity has passed beyond the merely téte montée to been allowed to explain away the most tremendous the pathological stage, that the victorious broom is to be wielded by his remaining Unionist allies, presumably in the guise of series of blunders for which ever a British Minister was Centre party pioneers. At the last election the representation responsible. But there are signs at last of the reof Lancashire was divided to a large extent between Labour awakening of the public to the very simple political and Conservatism, barely half-a-dozen seats going to the Liberals, truth enunciated in the sentences which we have whether Coalitionist or Independent. Yet Lloyd Georgeism quoted from the most pungent of all English political was then on the crest of a triumphant wave. writers. To take a single example: public opinion, I observe, by the way, that Mr. Chamberlain is under no so far as we can estimate it, is not in the least inclined illusions on this subject, since he confesses in advance that he to listen to Ministerial explanations of the recent expects the huge Conservative majority in the present Parliament Near Eastern fiasco. It knows that the Government to disappear in the coming fight—a change only to be brought backed the wrong horse, that it brought us to the very about by what in pre-war days would have been considered an electoral landslide. Thus the underlying motive for the new verge of a new war, that it has surrendered everything strategy is absent-mindedly revealed, and its authors are shown it aimed at, that the Turks are back in Europe, that to be laying their plans for a cunning group manipulation of our prestige in the East stands lower than ever before, the next Parliament, even at the risk, in Mr. Chamberlain's and that twenty or thirty millions of the taxpayers' , case, of reducing the Unionists, not merely to a group, but to money has been spent to no purpose whatever-a divided rump. As for the Lloyd George Liberals, the calculation would seem to be that they will be at least numerous and that is enough. No argument on the matter enough to be able to tilt the balance of power as between Labour can be relevant, and unless we are very much mistaken and Conservatism, precisely as their leader desires, and also no argument will be listened to in the country. The docile enough to act precisely as he may direct. facts speak for themselves, and should be sufficient to condemn a Cabinet of angels. Meanwhile the Newport result, besides supplying lessons and warnings for all parties, marks the beginning and the end of In the immediate political “crisis there is not yet another Georgian experiment, which, had it succeeded, really very much at stake. The issues involved are of would have been followed by a widespread invasion of the constituencies by so-called Liberal Reunionist masqueraders. no public importance. They concern the party More importance than is generally suspected was attached by managers but not the electorate ; and even for the the Prime Minister to the success of this crafty try-on. party managers, they are much less vital, in our Page 18
it. There are other excitements to be had by observers dancing silently from shoot to shoot in a clump of bushes of wild life in Kensington Gardens. Are there not still a few on the edge of the Long Water in Kensington Gardens, its squirrels left? The grey squirrel of London has many green fading in flight into the green of the leaves. How enemies. He is suspected as an alien of destructive pro- thoughtful of the loveliest of the birds to linger in town in pensities, and there were even rumours some time ago that the first half of October, when all wise willow-wrens have orders had been sent out for his extermination. But the taken wing for the sunshine of the south! But even the squirrels, like other aliens, survive persecution, and there willow-wren must not tempt me into boasting! It is better are still two or three of them to be seen searching for acorns to be content to say, as anyone may say, “I have seen under the trees on these autumnal days. There are few rooks in Rotten Row. I have seen bats over the Serpenprettier sights in London than a squirrel standing on its tine.” For even these things, common though they are, hind legs and nibbling at a nut that it holds between its never cease to delight. The rook, the bat, and the sea-gull forefeet. How swiftly its teeth set to work, as though how a dead city breaks into life at a mere movement of it were apprehensive that an enemy might appear before their wings ! Y. Y. it had had time to eat it! How it pauses now and then, the nut still held near its mouth, and looks and listens for a sign of danger! How jealously it greets another squirrel who comes and watches it greedily at its feast ! You would think that there must be acorns enough in “ BACKING THE GREEKS” Kensington Gardens, quite apart from the monkey-nuts To the Editor of THE NEW STATESMAN. that amiable ladies scatter, to satisfy the few squirrels that SIR,—In your article on The Command of the Dead Sea fly among the tree-tops. But squirrels, alas, are as the you say that“ but for Mr. Lloyd George's opposition a satisfactory dogs that bark and bite or as the cats that rush after one peace between the Greeks and the Turks ght have been conanother up trees. One squirrel that I watched, at least, cluded early last year. He rejected the peace proposals of was not content to sit upon the ground and eat its nut France on the ground that the Greeks must first be allowed to take Angora.” quietly when another appeared round a tree-stem. It A fortnight ago I found a similar statement -I think it was in a magazine article by one of our privateering thrust its nut whole into its mouth and rushed at the professors, but I cannot now trace the extract—to the effect that other as though it would have murdered it. The latter the British Government had not only not vetoed but had actually fled up the tree, round and round the trunk, with the encouraged the Greek offensive in July, 1921. To-night's Star, pursuer close on its tail. The squirrel with the nut paused going a little farther, roundly asserts that “ the Government had at the first branch, sat in the angle of it, took the nut in sanctioned and secretly financed the Greek advance in Asia its forepaws, and began hurriedly nibbling it again. The Minor." other, in the crook of a branch just above it, crouched like I know, of course, that you cannot be responsible for other people's exaggerations; and I agree that any stick is good an angry cat, its tail curved along its body till it touched enough to beat Mr. Lloyd George with. But in the interests of its ears, and uttered sounds that were half like a cat's historical accuracy I should be much obliged if you could suggest mewing growl and half like the churr of a nesting partridge. an authority for any of these statements, including your own. It was as though every nibble the other took cost it a When I was in Athens, in June, 1921, I spent a lot of time in pang. How it wept! How it wailed! Never was sorrow trying to persuade my Athenian friends that there was no truth like that squirrel's sorrow. After a time, the squirrel with in the fantastic reports of secret British subsidies, British troops the nut became irritated by such plaintive accusations, fighting in Asia, and all the club gossip to the tune of “ England took the nut between its teeth, and once more gave chase will see us through if only to annoy France.” These rumours were, I believe, deliberately circulated by the Greek Government, among the branches. At times it would pretend to give which, knowing—as it must have known—that the advanced up the chase, turn backwards, and would pause, its head positions in Asia were untenable without Allied support, and hanging towards the ground, and its limbs stretched out. that Allied support was out of the question while Constantine Then the complaints would begin again further up the · was on the throne, had not the courage to withdraw from tree, and the chase would be resumed, till at last the second Smyrna, but took the easier course of hoping that something squirrel sprang like an acrobat among the topmost leaves would turn up and feeding the unhappy people with lies about and set off on a journey from tree-top to tree-top, which is England smoothing the way to Constantinople. This Greek the squirrels' High Street, and so out of sight. Had children Government propaganda reached such a pitch that on June 11, when King Constantine left for Smyrna, a Government paper behaved like this, I should have condemned them ; but it described him, under a special portrait, as Commander of the was a pleasure to see squirrels behaving so badly. And, to Anglo-Greek forces in the Near East.” judge by the crowd of people who paused under the tree and Could anything, I wondered, bring salvation to a people who smiled at the little lamenting squirrel, as its sides shook insisted on taking such a pre-Copernican view of European with sobs, others enjoyed it as much as I did, Who could affairs? And yet, in England, a year later, I find not only condemn an animal with such a panache of tail ? delightful fabulists like Colonel Aubrey Herbert and the Evening But neither the duck that went for a sail nor the weeping News making our flesh creep with tales of Sir Basil Zaharoff, squirrel filled me with quite the same astonishment as did but apparently the whole English Press, echoing variations of the same theme, and all taking it in various degrees for granted a little greenish-yellow bird I saw in Hyde Park perched on that the British Government, under the wilful guidance of Mr. a low bush within a few yards of Rotten Row. It looked Lloyd George, has backed Greece heavily, has encouraged Greece a little melancholy, and was so wrapped up in its melancholy to go on fighting, and is using Greece as a pawn in some vague that it seemed perfectly indifferent to the many people who scheme of Oriental domination. Now this is a lot to take for halted to stare at so curious an apparition. It was like no granted, and I want to know how, when and where ? bird that I had ever seen. Has Mr. Lloyd George lent Greece money ? No. Has he At first I thought it might be a canary of some strange breed that had escaped from a supplied her with staff officers, tanks and aeroplanes ? No. Was he solely responsible for the Treaty of Sèvres ? No. Did he cage. But it was no more like a canary than like a yellow take a leading part, an initiatory part, in the three or four hammer. It had a small, round, rapacious, hooked bill Allied conferences which have attempted to make peace between such as I had never seen on a green or yellow bird before. Greeks and Turks since the Treaty of Sèvres ? Yes. Did he in There is only one bird that it resembles even in the pictures June, 1921, telegraph to the Greek Government " in the name in the bird-books, and that is the serin. I shrink, however, of the three Western Allied Powers deprecating further military from boasting that I have seen a serin in London, because operations "? Yes. Did he even recognise King Constantine the serin is an extremely rare bird even in rural England, (which would have been a very cheap and easy way of strengthenand I know how offensive such boasts are to those who have ing the Greek Government's position and countering the French been less fortunate. Besides, I did not really enjoy seeing coup at Angora)? No. What, then, has Mr. Lloyd George done for Greece except to the serin-or, rather, the bird that looked like a serin make a few speeches full of Christian idealism and more or less half so much as I enjoyed seeing a willow-wren an hour later Gladstonian denunciation of the Turks ? These speeches were Page 19
A Soviet child (says the writer) could only define an object by determining its use. Asked What is your mother ?” it would reply, “Cooks, takes me to the cinema.” Asked what a horse was, it would reply: “One rides on it.” And asked to define a hammer, it would reply: “To knock in nails.” Such answers were given THE LONDON GROUP by children of 12 to 14 years old. The Soviet child was completely devoid of imagination. The lecturer had made a large number N the seventeenth exhibition the somewhat drab of experiments in this direction. She had told children of fairies, imaginative little stories which would give delight to normal chil- and melancholy atmosphere of Camden Town at dren. She would then ask them : Now imagine that a good fairy last ceases to pervade the Mansard Gallery, and the asked you what you wanted. What would you say ? The usual fact that one of the most conspicuous pictures in the room 'bread," "a piece of sugar," sometimes a hat," sometimes“ boots." is by the former monarch of that district only serves to make the Group more completely representative of London. Exactly the last thing that a lecturer ever wants is to make his pupils think realistically for themselves. For what are these It is more various, more cosmopolitan, fuller than before of same pupils ? Mere automata, amenable to methods of sugges- life and individual talent. We experience more frequently tion, and all the “ varied anodynes” of the new psychology, but than in other exhibitions, the impact of a genuine and not assuredly free, creative spirits capable of their own selfdetermination as Plato believed. Poor Plato !-Yours, etc., personal expression. The Group has attracted the more ARTHUR L. DAKYNS. gifted and intelligent among the younger British painters. 24 Upper Wimpole Street, W. 1. They will see there also the work of some of their country men, who are living abroad, which will help young painters To the Editor of THE NEW STATESMAN. here to understand Continental tendencies. SIR,—The article on “ Lectures and Lecturing,” in your issue First and foremost this exhibition is notable in that it of October 7th, contains this statement : reminds us of the presence among us of an English master. The position is worse in the newer than in the older universities For more than thirty years Mr. Walter Sickert has been .. because the grants which they earn depend, in part at least, on the number of lecture attendances they are able to register. the one English painter who has sustained a European There is no foundation in fact for the assertion that the reputation. His picture, " The Bachelor Hotel," is a grants administered by the University Grants Committee are remarkable revelation of fresh powers. There are some in any way based upon the number of lectures given in a grant- who will have it that Mr. Sickert is a survival of aided institution.—Yours, etc., C. GRANT ROBERTSON. a glorious past, a disciple of Degas and Lautrec, for The University, Birmingham. whom nothing subsequent has enlivened the October 18th. spectability of his discretion. Yet anyone who looks COLONIES FOR THE INSANE deeper than the subject of this picture will see that, in spite of his witty denial of Cézanne and consequently of To the Editor of The New STATESMAN. the whole modern French school, Mr. Sickert has been far SIR, —I have read with much interest the articles appearing from insensitive to the influences of the last ten years. His in The New STATESMAN by Dr. Lomax. In your issue of October method of creating the impression of three dimensional 7th, he proposes as an alternative to the present asylum system the establishment of village communities or colonies—wherein spaces by masses of juxtaposed colours is entirely opposed to patients would learn and practise such arts, crafts and industries those of the Impressionist School, and although his decoraas were suited to their skill. tive qualities are partly derived from Whistler, they are used The idea is not a new one. Before the war many such in- above everything for the purpose of plastic expression. stitutions were in operation in several countries of Europe. We hope that Mr. Sickert will find it as exhilarating to Though these were founded primarily for the employment of imbeciles—a much less employable class of case wake up and find himself a Post-Impressionist as someone --they were nevertheless a very definite success. While several were self- else we have heard of did to be famous. contained, that is to say, capable of producing all the necessities In many ways the most remarkable effort in the exhibiof communal life, some were entirely self-supporting and were in no way a burden to the State. tion is the “Queen of Sheba," by Max Gertler (No. 12). The advantages of such a system over that obtaining in this There is a persistent sense of effort in following the arrangecountry seem too evident to need advocacy. ment of these colossal limbs and draperies. But perhaps While such colonies might remedy the deficiencies of our for this reason it is difficult to believe that the composition present treatment and care of the certified lunatic—and he is completely organised or that the intense strain of giving would appear to be far better material than the imbecile and therefore more productive-it is the only sound solution of the to every fraction of the surface its utmost modelling and problem of the neurasthenic. relief, has not hindered the artist from achieving a synthetic There are many hundreds of these nerve-racked ex-Service vision. At any rate, it is of a much more etherealised world men scattered up and down the country. Some are in hospitals that we are aware in Mr. Matthew Smith's three pictures, and other institutions of the Ministry of Pensions—some are of which the portrait seems the most successful-perhaps "border-line" Some are living at home—a burden to because it is better hung. The decorative beauty of their friends and the local ratepayers. Al are a burden to the State, since they are non-productive. the placing of the figure is enforced by the space values Yet many of these are skilled men—men with all the know- created by his very personal use of colour. Mr. Duncan ledge and experience that would enable them to make good in Grant is less directly influenced by any modern master, competition with their fellows, did they not lack those great yet now seems able to take hints from both old and new essentials to success-self-confidence, nerve, initiative. They know that they could never keep a job, and their know and to use them for his own ends. His large painting, ledge is a constant deterrent to recovery. The hustling foreman a “St. Paul's " (No. 43), almost reminds us of Canaletto; · at the factory would terrorise them, the impatient customer yet no one but Mr. Grant would have seen London just in would flurry them, the keeping of an appointment would put this way. The colour has a curious emotional value, and them “all of a flutter,” till they became again the dithering nervous wrecks that fill the neurological hospitals and clinics. the severe, almost cold, greys and whites of the building Yet under sympathetic guidance, free of all responsibility are exquisitely balanced by the warmth of the sky, the gay and with assurance of their future welfare, these men may be flags, masts and sails, and the warm browns in the foreturned again into economic units. The proposed colony would ground. His flower piece (No. 9) is painted in a low key insure this necessary care-free life, which would in itself prove to be the surest sedative calculated to put them on the high with great richness and subtlety of colour. road to that recovery they had almost ceased to hope for.- One of the pleasures which no visitor to this exhibition C. E. THWAITES. can miss is due to the number of works which betray the Page 20
away--Zenith had between three and four hundred thousand adventures and rare conceits of Master Tyl Owlglass.” “Mr. inhabitants now-he could see the top of the Second National Carlyle then cites one adventure, that of the Easter Play, Tower, an Indiana limestone building of thirty-five storeys. which has not been included in the present version, for although Its shining wall rose against April sky to a simple cornice like it illustrates well enough the interior of a parson's household a streak of white fire. Integrity was in the tower, and decision. in the fourteenth century, there is a smack of profanity about It bore its strength lightly as a tall soldier. As Babbitt stared, the nervousness was soothed from his face, his slack chin lifted in it which it is well to avoid. And, indeed, it is due to the reader All he articulated was, of this volume to inform him that our present chronicle differs That's one lovely sight !" but he was inspired by the rhythm of the city ; his love of it re in one material point from all former editions. While it has newed. He beheld the tower as a temple-spire of the religion of been my object everywhere to tell the story of Owlglass in a business, a faith passionate, exalted, surpassing common men ; quaint and simple manner, modern good taste requires a and as he clumped down to breakfast he whistled the ballad, “Oh, special duty at the chronicler's hands, viz., that of purification by gee, by gosh, by jingo,” as though it were a hymn melancholy and modification ; for it may be readily believed that a book and noble. written of the fourteenth century For the sixteenth century will REBECCA WEST. abound with homely wit, not quite consonant with the ideas of the nineteenth. Therefore several stories of a somewhat indelicate and generally pointless character have been omitted.” AN OLD STORY RETOLD In the preface to the second edition he says he has omitted The Legend of Tyl Ulenspiegel. By CHARLES DE COSTER, twenty-six such adventures and substituted in their place translated from the French by F. M. ATKINSON. Two several of his own devising. I think a momentary look of Volumes. Heinemann. 30s. unaccustomed surprise would have come over the features of Owlglass had he chanced upon this passage. But it is ever Carlyle has said of Tyl Ulenspiegel or Master Owlglass that he thus. The toe of the prude treads so close on the heel of the was the people's comedy of mediæval Germany, as Faust was pedant, it galls his kybe. her tragedy, and he adds : “ Tyl's fame has gone abroad into Between his editors it might have seemed best that Owlglass all lands : this the narrative of his exploits has been published should make his peace with the Church. His day was over. in innumerable editions, even with all manner of learned glosses, But such counsellors would have reckoned without Charles and translated into Latin, English, Flemish, Polish, Dutch : de Coster, the author of the historical novel, The Legend of nay, in several languages, as in his own, an Eulenspieglerei, an Tyl Ulenspiegel, which Mr. Atkinson has just translated in its Espièglerie or dog's trick, so named after him, still, by general consent of lexicographers, keeps him alive. entirety. Coster was born of obscure parentage in 1827, and, Tyl's native after a life passed in not much less obscurity, died in 1879. village is pointed out with pride to the traveller, and his tomb (These facts are taken from the preface to Mr. Geoffrey Whitstone, with a sculptured pun upon his name, an owl, namely, and worth's excellent though compressed translation. Mr. Atkinson a glass, still stands < r pretends to stand at ‘Möllen, near Lübeck,' does not give us a word of information). For some time the whence since 1950 is nimble bones have been at rest. author held a post on the Royal Commission appointed in 1860 That in his old days, like other great men, he became an auto to investigate and publish old Flemish laws, and towards the biographer, and in trustful winter evenings, not on paper but end of his life he became a professor of History and French on air, to the laughter lovers of Möllen, composed this work Literature at the Military School in Brussels. He devoted ten himself, is purely an hypothesis ; certainly only that it came years to writing Tyl Ulenspiegel, which was first published in forth originally in the dialect of this region, namely, the Platt 1867. The book created little sensation, and few can have seen Deutsch, was therefrom translated, probably about a century in it the white heat of the author's love for Belgium, for the afterwards, into its present high German, .. by one Thomas flats of Flanders, for her teeming cities and, above all, for the Mürner, who, on other grounds, is not unknown to antiquaries." Meuse, most gracious of rivers between Sédan and Liège. The (Early German Literature.) doulce Flemish place-names slip off his tongue with the mystic Owlglass then really lived and died about 1350, a merry, reverence other men reserve for their mistresses. unscrupulous fellow, summing up in his adventures and jest The novel relates, in prose of considerable beauty, the story of the high spirits and bawdy irreverence of the Middle Ages. the Flemish struggle for independence. Mr. Whitworth remarks Legend has it that a life of Owlglass appeared in Low German in almost apologetically that the author took nearly as much trouble 1483. But the first life we have of him now is dated 1515, and is written by the aforesaid Thomas Mürner, being published at with his authorities as did Motley. Mr. Whitworth need not worry. Coster is a better novelist than Motley. For a hero, Strasburg under the title, Ein Kürzweilig lesen von Dil Ulenspiegel Coster had the strange whimsey to seize upon Owlglass and geboren vfz de land zu Brunfzwick, etc. Already many tradi transplant him to Flanders, where he becomes the symbol of tional stories had been woven round him, and he is, among other generous and handsome youth, poet, painter and sculptor, fighting japes, credited with staging a version of the Emperor's New Clothes. On the publication of Mürner's life, the fame of Owlglass against oppression but maintaining a healthy interest in thievery and wenching. The first part of the book is admirable. Ulenspread fast and far beyond his native provinces his adventures spiegel's childhood ; Klaes, his honest coal-heaver of a father, and merry jestings being published at Antwerp about 1520, and a a gratuitous victim of the Inquisition ; Soetkin, his adoring few years later two editions appeared in London with the title: mother; the witch-prophetess, his midwife, and her daughter, Here beginneth a merry jest of a man that was called Howleglass the woman of his heart, are all most vividly described, as in and of many marveylous things and jests that he did in his life, other chapters is, by contrast, displayed the upbringing of the in Eastlande and in many other places. It was imprinted at ineffable Philip in the gloomy corridors of his palace at Valladolid. London in Thame Street, at the Vintre, on the Three Crane In this first part, Ulenspiegel repeats many of the escapades of Wharf, by Wyllyam Copland,” the younger brother of Robert Owlglass, and the author has shown great skill in weaving the Copland, assistant of Wynkyn de Word. Howleglass took to old story into the new tapestry. But, later, after the death of England, passed into the language of the Elizabethan dramatists, the father and the rising of the Flemings against Philip, the story and was woefully plagiarised by our own Scoggin for his jests. At home he was merely high-spirited and irreverent, but later is not so successful, and, it must be admitted, drags considerably. English biographers, imitating, need it be said, French variants, The inspired Ulenspiegel is less interesting than in his unregenerate accused him of grosser malpractices. For instance we can days. The trouble begins when a Spirit appears to him and read : tells him to “ seek the Seven,” which turn out later to be our “When in the time Ulenspiegel lived, the priests married, and consequently the Cardinals, and how Ulenspiegel old friends, “ The Seven Deadly Sins." It is a bit too much went to Rome where he cuckolded the Cardinal.” He pursued to sit by and see Owlglass turned into Parsifal. For a time his career triumphantly through the seventeenth and eighteenth Coster seems to have brought off a real tour de force in the centuries, when his broad jests were still appreciated by readers way of putting new wine in old bottles. But the effort in many tongues. In the nineteenth century he was still becomes fatiguing. reprinted, but with a difference. He had now become merely The Legend of Tyl Ulenspiegel is, in fact, like so many other an excuse for scholarship. Hence the reprint by Dr. Lappenburg products of the Romantic Movement, a masterpiece manqué. of Mürner's original life, which saw the day at Leipsic in 1854. The author has sat down bursting with love of country and Poor Owlglass, even he of the nimble wits and legs, must be hatred of the Inquisition, but he has not been able to keep buried beneath the mausoleum of pedantry. He had, however, his emotions under proper artistic control, and finally he seems an English admirer, Mr. Kenneth Mackenzie, who translated to tire of his own enthusiasm. Yet he is a considerable poet, him from Lappenburg in 1859. But the age had turned against and is capable of sustained passages of individual beauty. our broad-bottomed friend, and Mr. Mackenzie, though he Mr. Atkinson has performed a labour of love in translating the genuinely loved the merry Owlglass, loved him only “after his whole of this Belgian epic, and he has done his work excellently. fashion.” He writes in his learned preface to But many people will probably be content with Mr. Whitworth's the marvellous compressed version. F. B. Page 21
But the most modern of all the teachers noted here is the daughter but in order to explain these he goes back to the beginning of the of the great scientist, De Saussure. In 1762 Rousseau's Émile was century, and gives a chronicle of developments since that time. He published and the Jesuits were turned out of France. The good is most interesting in his treatment of the Scandinavian countries, in Rousseau's extravagant opposition to the pedagogues of his perhaps because least has been written about them before, and also age found judicious development in the Education Progressive because he deals with them most briefly. His account of the Labour of Madame Necker de Saussure. She began the scientific study struggle in Sweden, based on the excellent Government publications of childhood, and even recommended that every mother should dealing with the General Strike of 1909, is good and clear. But in his treatment of French, and still more of British, conditions, the keep a Progress Book.” A chapter devoted to “ The Education mass of detail which he has collected has somewhat overwhelmed him, of Princes reveals the Dauphin to whom the world owes the and he is not very successful in interpreting, for setting in their proper Delphin classics. He was a sullen boy, and had been severely proportions, the movements which he describes. The sections treated before he came under the milder rule of Bossuet. analysing the Labour legislation of the various countries are very He thought the making of proses a synonym for misfortune. valuable for reference, and bring together a mass of material, which Many a modern boy feels the same about the making of essays, has not been previously collected, dealing with unemployment, wages which Mr. Barnard describes as inevitable.” Young boys and hours of labour. The description of the movements aiming at even of the clever sort have no idea of writing essays, and the nationalisation and “control of industry” is less successful; but sooner our educational authorities perceive this the better it here again a good deal of useful information is collected for the first will be for education. We notice mention of a system by which time. In short, Mr. De Montgomery has written a convenient referboys heard the repetition of other boys. Idealists will approve ence book without making, himself, any great contribution to the problems discussed, and without achieving any real synthesis of the of such trust perhaps, but it does not work well in our experience. mass of information which he has brought together. It led to unfair results in a great public school we knew well. “ Direct moral instruction ” must have been a trial to many an urchin in the period Mr. Barnard covers. The Development of the Civil Service. Lectures delivered before His remarks on the Society of Civil Servants, with a Preface by VIS COUNT the subject are full of good sense and a tribute to our public HALDANE OF CLOAN. King. 75. 6d. schools, which many abuse to be in the fashion, while they make strenuous efforts to get their sons into them. There is a good deal of interesting material in these lectures. They are, naturally, of very unequal value, but two or three of them are excellent. Mr. Harold Laski's discussion of the proper relationship between Parliament and the Civil Service is one of these. Mr. Laski SHORTER NOTICES urges a greater use of the Committee system as a method of keeping contact between Parliament and administration, and suggests the Trial of G. J. Smith. Edited by ERIC R. Watson. Notable British attendance of Civil Servants at parliamentary committees dealing Trials. Hodge. 10s. 6d. with departmental questions. Sir Andrew Ogilvie gives an excellent George Joseph Smith, the report of whose trial is now added to account of the administrative problems of the telephone system, and the Notable British Trials Series, was one of the most villainous Mr. J. A. Salter opens up an interesting discussion of the “problems criminals of modern times. He was tried and executed in 1915 for of international administration.” Sir William Beveridge concludes the first of a series of murders, called at the time the “ Brides in the the series with a lecture on The Civil Servant of the Future,” stating Bath" murders. On three occasions, within three years, he murdered his belief that, as now, the Civil Servant will have still to “take upon the woman he had “married " by drowning her in a bath, the motive himself the triple vow of poverty, anonymity and obedience.” in each case being to obtain her money through a will executed in his favour or a sum for which he had insured her life. The circum- Love's Legend. By S. FIELDING HALL. Constable. Ts. 6d. stances of the three murders were equally horrible ; they were callous Mr. Fielding Hall is an ambitious writer. According to his preface and carefully planned. Seven years of his boyhood were spent in a he caters for two different kinds of readers--the frivolous, he indicates, reformatory, on leaving which he immediately took to evil courses, will find in Love's Legend a source of amusement and distraction, and he was convicted several times for theft. Between 1897 and “ like the pleasure seeker on a summer sea," who is content to enjoy 1918 he duped and exploited no less than nine women, all of whom “the sparkle of the sunlight on the foam"; the serious-minded, he married and three of whom he murdered. With the exception those who look below the surface, will perceive “dim shadows of great of Miss Pegler, who was the only one of his victims whom he did not things,' glimpses of the hidden bases of the world.” At first Love's treat with inhuman cruelty and to whom, from time to time, Legend bewilders. Is it meant to be humorous or didactic? Is it a he returned, he decamped from all those he did not murder as soon study of temperament, or a contribution to philosophy? A glance at as he had got hold of their small fortunes and savings, and was never the preface dispels these difficulties. The author has aimed at being seen by them again. He left them casually at lodgings, at a street “all things to all men ”-an old idea, but it is doubtful if St. Paul corner; one he left in the National Gallery, on a pretext that he would himself was successful in this endeavour. be back soon : he left them penniless, having rifled even their purses Mr. Gallio, the hero, is one of those supermen who are found only and wardrobes. He was without money, manners, education or even in distant parts of the Empire. He is more given to reflection than some much appearance to recommend him, but he seems to have had of his kin, but in many ways he conforms strictly to type. He bears what is called a “strange " fascination for women, though such a charmed life, for instance, and knows exactly how to deal with natives. strangeness appears quite common. It hardly seems necessary to He marries a lady called Lesbia, and because he is one of the minority investigate psychologically where the fascination lay; he made who are in touch with “Nature" he builds a raft, and decides to spend love to them-a sufficient explanation of his charm. As the editor his honeymoon floating down a river in Upper Burmah. The raft is a remarks in his Introduction : “The respondent, in one of the two very comfortable one, with plenty of room for the servants, but Lesbia famous political divorces of the mid-'eighties, said of the co-respondent : is dissatisfied (the sunlight begins to sparkle) because the lump 'If Charles had asked me to stand on my head in the middle sugar for her tea has been left behind. She is also (and now the comedy of Piccadilly, I would have done it."" becomes more poignant, laughter trembles into tears) extremely The publisher's note on the wrapper states that despite Smith's innocent. Her mother has neglected to prepare her for the pleasures record of crime, “he yet contrived to win golden opinions from most and duties of her life upon the raft, and our hero, in consequence, women and many men, the chaplain who finally attended him and is placed in a very awkward position. He does not falter. With unthe bishop who confirmed him in Maidstone Gaol being among those shaken resolution, but exquisite delicacy, he explains to her the nature who could scarcely believe in his guilt.” The evidence, however, of matrimony and the vocation of woman. On the whole, the honeyand his behaviour during the trial and upon sentence do not for one moon is a great success. Lesbia, in spite of her ignorance, her illiberal moment awaken in the reader any conflict of feeling or disturb his prejudices and rebellious disposition, is tamed by the superman. conviction that here undoubtedly was a man who deserved to be By the time the raft is run down by a steamer-happily no lives are hanged. The defence, even in the hands of Mr. Marshall Hall, lost—the marriage has become a ”true” one in every sense of the was the least impressive part of the trial, one of the chief arguments word. Mr. Gallio has had many opportunities for discoursing at length being that one would have to go back to the days of the Borgias to upon the relations of the sexes and kindred themes, and a great many find such depths of wickedness as the prosecution alleged. The lines of Tennyson have been quoted by the lovers. trial was the longest murder case tried in England since Palmer's, How to be happy though married " might be chosen as an altersixty years before. In one respect it constituted a record : no fewer native title to the book, but Love's Legend, so brimful of sentiment, than 264 exhibits were put in. The witnesses came from over forty if not a significant title, could hardly be bettered. different towns and numbered 112. Mr. Watson, in his Introduction, has spared no pains to present the reader with every aspect of this monstrous but rather dull case. Memories of Old Richmond. By the VISCOUNTESS CAVE. Murray. 16s. British and Continental Labour Policy. By B. G. DE MONTGOMERY, Old Richmond means to Lady Cave the royal palace that fell into Routledge. 21s. decay at the end of the seventeenth century and has almost entirely Mr. De Montgomery is a very industrious collector. Into this disappeared. A print of Hollar's here reproduced shows it to have large book of 575 closely printed pages he has packed a vast quantity been standing in considerable splendour on the river bank at the of information concerning the Labour movements and Labour legisla- opening of the Stuart period, but it never made any appeal to the tion of Great Britain, France and the Scandinavian countries. In Stuarts as compared with Hampton Court. “I do like to get as the main, his book is a survey of present conditions and tendencies ; much as possible to happen at Richmond,” says Lady Cave, à propos Page 22
of Anne Boleyn and Jane Seymour. But, as a matter of fact, all told, THE CITY from the death of Edward III. in 1377, it is not a great deal that does happen there ; nor does Lady Cave allow herself to be troubled \HE Stock Exchange does not like the disturbance to by the settled habit of royalty to amuse itself elsewhere-of Court business occasioned by a General Election, and business events to happen at a distance. Time and again she is obliged to content herself with a remark to the effect that “the Court was at has accordingly been checked somewhat at the prospect, Richmond that year,” the while she pursues her memoirs in the form with the two bright exceptions of rubber and South African of a simple retelling of the personal story of the monarch's wives and mines. The rubber restriction scheme is fairly drastic, for favourites. What little she has to say in detail of the palace buildings while it provides for an export duty of a penny per lb., if the and neighbouring houses Lady Cave puts into the last pages. Mr. amount exported is more than 60 per cent. of the standard George Brandram contributes eight delicate drawings and a plan. An production of a company, that duty is increased to 4d. per lb., introductory exercise in vers libre by Mr. Alfred Noyes is, to put it not on the excess, but on the whole production. Many people gently, neither here nor there. dislike the idea of Government action in the matter, but the Princes of Wales. By F. MAYNARD BRIDGE. Dean. fact remains that the announcement of the proposed Government 8s. 6d. action has at once caused the price of rubber to rise over thirty With the Prince in the East. By Sir HERBERT RUSSELL. Methuen. per cent., which just makes the difference to the majority of 10s. Od. companies between loss and reasonable profit. The revenue Mr. Bridge urges the universal and well-deserved popularity of derived from the export duty will be very welcome to the His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales as his excuse for writing his Governments concerned, and this circumstance may cause the book, which, however, needs no such excuse. It is a well-written, anecdotal account of the lives of all the Princes of Wales, from Edward Dutch East India Government to see some virtue in the scheme. of Carnarvon, 1284-1307, to the present day, and it is sure of a welcome After all, it is the consumer who pays, and in this case the from the old ladies who specialise in royal lore. With the accession consumer is 75 per cent. American, inasmuch as the United to the princedom of Albert Edward the author assumes a posture States absorbs about that proportion of the world's production. of reverence, and from this point to the end of the book he voices The share market has responded quickly to the improved position, discreet adulation. This reverence, however well deserved it may be as is shown by the following comparison of prices of the four by the three royal personages on whom it is bestowed, does not make shares which were strongly tipped in these notes interesting reading. A similar taint makes Sir Herbert Russell's September 30th. book very hard going. For two hundred and twenty-one pages Sir Price Present Herbert stands strictly to attention relating the Prince's experiences end Sept. Price. and exploits, bearing witness to his courage, citing examples of his d. d. London Asiatic 3 43 4 3 tact, testifying to his proficiency in pig-sticking. “ The Prince headed Alor Pongsu 18 9 25 0 his party into a clump of tangled growth, and soon the clatter of Victoria Malaya 0 9 1 scampering hoofs mingled with the startled squeals of fleeing boars. Brieh 1 41 2 1} Then came a shrill yelp of anguish' as the first , victim rolled over. But let us waste no compassion on the boars ; for a wild, exhilarating The rise in these and other good rubber shares should go sport is pig-sticking, and to those who demur to it out of humane con considerably further. siderations it may be said that it probably gives the hunted animal a better chance than any other form of big game chase.” The sensation of the week in the industrial section was the offer made to shareholders in the British and Argentine Meat From the Deep of the Sea. By CHARLES EDWARD SMITH. Black. Company of 65s. per ordinary share and 32s. 6d. per preference 10s. 6d. share. Just before this offer was announced the price of the This book is described as an epic of the Arctic, and the description is ordinary was 36s. 9d. (early this year it was 19s.), which shows not wholly undeserved. It is the diary of the late Dr. C. E. Smith that when it comes to be taken over by another concern and full during 1866 and 1867, and records in sound, straightforward English allowance is made for reserves, etc., the value of many an his experiences in the whaling ship Diana, in which he held the office industrial concern is far greater than the market quotation, of surgeon. The old whaling days were perilous and crowded with which is more or less based upon the rate of dividend distributed. disaster, but there exist very few authentic first-hand accounts of such adventures. This diary derives much of its interest from the fact The offer comes from the Western United Investment Company, that it is a contemporaneous record of thrilling events ; it has no other which has a paid-up capital of £1,000,004. It is a curiosity in distinction. The author was a Quaker, and he leavens his narrative modern finance that £1,000,000 of this capital is registered in the with such scraps of piety as were a necessary constituent of all books for name of the Public Trustee, jointly with two other persons; the boys written half a century ago. odd four shares are held by Lord Vestey (the recently created peer, whose evidence before the Income Tax Commission aroused Essays in the Law. By Sir FREDERICK POLLOCK. Macmillan, so much interest), Sir Edmund Vestey, Mr. Samuel Vestey and 12s. 6d. a Mr. Bundey. It is obviously the Vestey, i.e., Union Cold Sir Frederick Pollock's essays will interest the student of politica Storage, interests, which are carrying out the deal, and it is science as much as the lawyer. The two first, on Comparative interesting to observe that such noteworthy representatives of Jurisprudence and “The History of the Law of Nature,” will private enterprise should avail themselves of the services of a appeal to the historian quite as much as to the lawyer, and contain State office like the Public Trustee, when there are so many an exceptional amount of thought and learning. Locke's “Theory trustee companies in existence ; every big bank, for instance, of the State " and 'Government by Committees ” are, perhaps, has associated with it such an undertaking. Still, the Vesteys more in the region of political science; but no lawyer can afford to are very shrewd and successful business men, and if they prefer neglect them. The legal historian will be glad to see that Sir Frederick a State undertaking to private enterprise, it is to be presumed has not failed to write more about corporations; and the “Trans- that they know their own business best. formation of Equity” is full of suggestive passages which will interest the practising lawyer as keenly as any other reader. The layman In financial and trade circles much interest is being taken in may be recommended to start with “ Lay Fallacies in the Law," the cultivation of a new fabric known as “ arghan." This is a and particularly to study “The Reformation and Modern Doctrine tropical plant, the seeds of which have been established in of Divorce.” This last essay very happily exposes nearly all the Malaya in similar fashion to that in which rubber was introduced vague nonsense that is spoken and written by every kind of ignorant there, and by the same person, viz., Sir Henry Wickham. The fool on the subject. ***** Federated Malay States Government submitted the fabric to It would be unreasonable to expect Sir Frederick's rare intellect investigation by one of the most eminent firms of chemists and learning to be common in his or any other profession; but it specialising in fabrics, who say of it: “Of the innumerable is a pity that more books of this kind are not written and widely fabrics submitted to us during our long professional practice, of read. The last paragraph in the chapter on divorce is typical of the potential industrial importance, it stands out pre-eminent.” whole : Arghan will, it is anticipated, in some respects replace flax, but is also suitable for ropes, sailcloth, etc. During the war this It is a remarkable fact, though ignored by at least one Catholic country was at the mercy of outsiders for the supply of fabrics. controversialist, that the Church of Rome, confiding in the strength Before 1914 it was possible to buy the finest flax for less than of her spiritual discipline over her own flock, acquiesced in the £60 per ton, but it rose to over £1,400 per ton. Ropemakers divorce provisions of the German Civil Code, which have been in are taking particular interest in the new material, which is force since 1900. The same ingenious writer, with exquisite stated to have three times the tensile strength of silk, and impertinence, lectured the majority of the Commission for talking weight for weight to be as strong as steel. The plant is propaof things of which they had no practical experience and no sufficient gated from suckers and takes about two and a half years to imagination; as if Sir Frederick Treves were a mere laboratory Page 23
out of active politics--for his present post is worth Turks. But the vast majority are the innocent victims — much more than any political job-his political wander of megalomaniac politicians in Athens and London, ings have no more than a personal importance : but and their plight is pitiable in the extreme. Dr. Nansen is on the spot acting on behalf of the League of Nations when we think of the long years through which he has for the relief of the peasants and the securing of their been obliged to control his tongue, to subordinate his corn crops. The League has granted £200,000 and deepest convictions, and to conceal his loyal admiration moneys are being collected in London (e.g., by the Allfor Mr. Bonar Law, we cannot withhold from him our British Appeal for the Relief of Distress in the Near profound sympathy. Was there ever before a statesman East, 35 Albemarle Street, W.) and elsewhere. But so strong and so silent ? the problem is too large for private charity, we fear. Old Greece is already crowded with over half-a-million We print this week letters of protest against our refugees from Anatolia, and, with another 250,000 now moving down from Thrace, famine is threatening. suggestion that the “most desirable” result of the It might be a useful remedy to stop the influx into election would be a Liberal-Labour Coalition. This Old Greece and to settle as many families as possible opinion seems to us too commonplace and too obvious in Macedonia and Western Thrace, where there is an abundance of vacant land. But the fate of Western to need defence. Labour Party officials naturally abundance of vacant land. object to any such suggestion, their business being to Thrace is uncertain, and until it is settled, both the Greek Government and the refugees may be shy of emphasise Liberal-Labour differences. And from their taking any risks. special point of view they are undoubtedly right. The Labour Party would possibly be stronger a decade A farcical element has been introduced into the hence if it were to refuse, in the meantime, to accept controversy over America's dry ships by the adventures any share of responsibility for the government of the of Captain Pendlebury, commanding the American country. Until it has established its claim to be at passenger liner President Adams. Having, in obedience least the second strongest party in the country, it to the Washington order, emptied his ship of liquor can afford no concessions. But that sort of calculation, at the London Docks, he was refused his clearance papers by the Board of Trade official until he had however just, is based rather on party rather than on provided his ship with the regulation medicinal supply national considerations. What the country is most of brandy, one gallon for every hundred steerage properly concerned about is not the ultimate party passengers. The American Press makes great play interests of Labour or of Liberalism or of Conservatism, with the incident, under cover of which the saloon but the sort of Government with which it is to be blessed passengers of the President Adams took care to furnish or cursed during the next few years. The arguments themselves with private stocks of liquor. The legal question has now been definitely passed to the U.S. of Labour organisers on this question serve only as a proof of their inability to realise the national respon- Hand in New York upholding the Attorney-General's Supreme Court by the emphatic decision of Judge sibilities of a party which ostensibly seeks to express order. The main contentions of counsel for the steamthe national will. It must do the best not for itself ship companies were that the carriage of liquor under but for the country-if it is ever to be a national party seal was not transport, and that liquor so carried was at all. We do not doubt that, given the right occasion, ship’s stores, which, by long custom, must be treated it will “ coalesce” readily enough. But its organisers as ship’s furniture. Judge Hand decided adversely on both points, and declared that he would go no further cannot, of course, be expected to anticipate any such than to issue an injunction that there should be no occasion or to welcome the necessity of assuming a interference with the carriage of stock necessary for joint responsibility. The necessity, however, may the rationing of the crews on eastbound voyages. In arise, and we can see no sense either in denying its Washington accordingly the prohibition officials anpossibility or in repudiating in advance an alliance nounce that they will rigidly enforce Mr. Daugherty's which may be unavoidable. We do not advocate ruling ; but at the same time Mr. Mellow, Secretary such an alliance. We are concerned merely to point enforcement of Prohibition), proclaims that foreign of the Treasury (the Cabinet officer responsible for the out that in the immediate interests of the nation it is vessels carrying liquor under seal within the threecertainly the best of all imaginable combinations. mile limit, will not be molested pending the Supreme Court's decision. This confusion is reflected in the November 13th appears now to have been definitely Harding Cabinet, which is in a condition of extraordinfixed as the date and Lausanne as the meeting place ary perplexity, not only over the Atlantic ports, but of the Near East Peace Conference. Russia, according also over the endless muddle created by the Attorney General's edict in the American West Indies and other to the latest report, is to be invited to take part. It external territories, which are threatened with isolation is suggested, however, apparently in all seriousness, from the world's shipping. It may be imagined with that she shall come in at the servants' door, so to what enthusiasm the supporters of President Harding, speak, and sign the Treaty and the protocol heartened by this brilliant electioneering stroke, are concerning the Straits, but that a clause shall be in- preparing to face the polls a fortnight hence. serted expressly stating that no recognition of Russia is thereby implied on the part of the gentlemanly In India the fall of Mr. Lloyd George could be received Governments of the West. It is a silly-sounding only with rejoicing-by the Mohammedans as a judgcompromise, at which the Russians are likely to ment on the Near East policy, and by Nationalists of all turn up their noses. Meanwhile the aftermath shades because of the speech in which he was believed to threaten a reversal of the reform policy. As regards of the the war is being garnered in Thrace. The Mohammedan feeling it is plain that nothing can be done Greeks are turning a deaf ear to the Allied officers until the peace conference gets to work, but it is notewho try to persuade them to stay, and pouring en worthy that a few days ago the Home Member took masse across the Maritza into Western Thrace, and occasion in Council to repeat the assurance that the on to Salonica and to Old Greece. A few, no doubt, A few, no doubt, Government of India has not slackened its efforts have excellent reasons for not wishing to face the with the Imperial Government on behalf of a fair Page 24
quite as high in areas of equal distress in which Labour STATE TRADING, 1917-192 I is not in power. The real cause of excessively high rates is not, in the main, any particular type of administration, N April, 1917, when the submarine campaign was at its but the deliberate policy of the Government in thrusting height, the rope manufacturers of Great Britain and the greatest possible share in expenditure on the local Ireland were concerned about the shortage and high authorities. The Government housing scheme, now scrapped price of Manila hemp. The market price had risen to £96 for this very reason, was indeed based on the principle of per ton, or three and a half times the pre-war level, and national liability ; but in other respects the Government shippers were getting from £35 to £40 per ton profit. Since policy has been to make the local authorities pay. This 80 per cent. of the imported supplies were used directly or is illustrated in the most extreme form in the thrusting indirectly for Government purposes in the shape of rope and of a large part of the responsibility for maintaining the cordage for the army, the navy, the railways and the unemployed upon the Boards of Guardians. It is seen mercantile marine, the Government was induced to intervene also in the stringent conditions on which alone local in order to stop profiteering and safeguard supplies. How authorities can secure limited State assistance for the did it acquit itself in this relatively unimportant venture institution of relief works and enterprises of public utility. in State trading ? Expenditure on relief works and in outdoor relief for The answer is supplied by Cmd. 788, published in June, the unemployed accounts for a very large proportion of the 1920, and the report on Trading Accounts and Balance high rates now in force. Educational expenditure has Sheets (H.C. 126-1922) published this month. For two also been greatly increased and quite rightly increased years the Raw Materials section of the War Office was the by national legislation. The point is that both these forms sole importer of Manila hemp. It bought 106,000 tons in of expenditure, and many others which have been com the Philippines, and with the aid of the Ministry of Shipping pulsorily incurred, are in effect outside the discretion of brought them to this country with sufficient regularity to the local authorities. Education must be provided : keep the rope industry going. Its administrative expenses public works must be started : the unemployed must up to March 31, 1919, came to £2,865, or one-twentieth of receive parish relief; and, unless more generous aid can one per cent. of the turnover. In April, 1917, importers be secured from the National Exchequer, or a new system were making £35 a ton profit. In June, 1917, when the instituted, the local electors must pay, mainly through War Office took control, the same importers received a fixed the rates, for the bulk of the services provided. It is all commission of 30s. per ton for their services as agents, the very well for ratepayers' associations and candidates to selling price was reduced by £10 per ton, and the balance cry out against high rates ; if they secure power they will of £25 per ton profit was held by the War Office as a reserve be helpless to achieve more than a few minor economies against future losses. In the first year's trading the net without curtailing the provision of absolutely vital services. profit amounted to £711,000 after writing off the cost of a This, doubtless, is what some of them propose to do, cargo valued at £223,000, which was sunk by submarine. with the aid of that expert“ economist,” Sir Alfred Mond, In the following year when prices had advanced in the at the Ministry of Health. But we think they will hardly Philippines, owing to American competition, the selling find it easy to carry retrenchment much further than it price was advanced to £100 per ton, and a loss was made of has been carried already. Education is already being cut £231,000. After the armistice selling prices were rapidly to the bone; vital health services have been greatly reduced as the buying price fell in the country of origin, restricted ; and a great deal of maintenance and construc with the result that further losses were made on the sale of tion work has been allowed to fall into arrears, “Economy," stocks bought at war prices. The final result, as at March 31, in local as in national politics, turns out on analysis to 1921, shows a total turnover of £6,500,000, and a net profit be largely an“ election stunt.” So long as unemployment for the three years of £420,000. “ ' remains bad, and the local authorities have still to bear This satisfactory result is not, as one might be led to their present share of the burden of it, there is little room suppose by Press comment on the Comptroller and Auditorfor retrenchment, whatever the opinions of the local General's recent Report, one of the few bright spots in a councillors may be. record of hopeless incompetence and mismanagement. It is There is danger, therefore, that the November elections will be fought largely on an unreal issue, and with a lavish fairly typical of most of the Government's large trading operations during the war. scattering of promises which cannot by any possibility be be made of a few, but important, instances where the An exception must, of course, fulfilled. Of course, if prices fall further, then, other Government decided as a matter of policy to sell below cost. things remaining equal, rates will fall, too; but this will Thus we learn that the Wheat Commission, with a turnover take place whatever party is in power. Some reductions from September, 1916, to March, 1921, of over £900,000,000, , in spending might be made by cutting down the scales of made a net loss of £150,000,000, which represents the cost relief paid to the unemployed ; but in the majority of areas of the Bread Subsidy. Similarly the Sugar Commission, these are already inadequate, and they depend, not on with a turnover from the beginning of the war to March, the local councils, but on the Boards of Guardians, whose 1921, of £365,000,000, made a net loss of £22,000,000. As election is not now in question. It is conceivable, of course, against these cases, where the policy of selling below cost that municipal wages may be cut further ; but they have already fallen roughly in proportion to the cost of living: political grounds, must be set transactions such as those in was justified, whether rightly or wrongly, on social and The questions of local government which it is really necessary to face are the questions which cannot easily Colonial wool, where the profits amounted to £66,500,000, be forced to the front either at local, or at national, elections on a turnover of £363,000,000. These large trading profits -above all, the proper distribution of burdens between (which, of course, might have been vastly greater if the national and local finance, and the proper basis for the Government had not deliberately maintained selling prices raising of funds for local purposes. These questions below the world market level) will probably be reduced urgently need consideration ; but it is well-nigh impossible by losses on realisation of stocks during the present slump. to get them considered. If the ratepayers' candidates should triumph at the polls, they will very soon be forced already been distributed equally between the British But it is interesting to note that over £18,000,000 has either to take these matters into their consideration or to abandon all hope of fulfilling their electoralpromises: sharing agreement, and that £10,000,000 has been handed Government and the Dominion producers under the profitThey are most likely, we suppose, to take the latter course ; for municipal electors, even when they trouble to vote, over to the British and Allied War Offices as a rebate on the seem to have short memories. The hope of low rates cost of wool consumed for military purposes. springs eternal in the human breast, and, in the propaganda The trading accounts of the Ministry of Food show a still of the ratepayers' candidates, “ Man never is but always more extraordinary result. On a turnover of more than to be blest." £1,200,000,000 profits and losses were so evenly balanced Page 25
those whom we could train and place in ordinary industries, (2) those whom I regarded as the apple-tree, the singing and the gold,” that the word "gold" subnormal " (often now referred to can't be found in substandard” " or seriously injured ”) for whom a sheltered life, permanent care and special occupations were “Εσπερίδων δ' επί μηλόσπορον ακτών ανύσαιμι ταν αοιδών necessary. It was a pleasant discovery that some men of this but without it English people would not see what they were category stood high in social value and in their capacity for meant to see and must see, a fairy orchard of golden apples. suitable and congenial work. We also stood for the principle of Is not that sufficient justification for a gratuitous insertion” mingling together different forms of disability, both physical and sentimental” translation ? mental, believing that the segregation of one particular dis It goes without saying that we can get a better conception of ability in a large centre was undesirable, and that the different what the Athenians approved in tragedy from a play of Sophocles points of view of men differently affected would tend to assist than from a play of Euripides, however well or badly performed, the whole. but why should Euripides and Professor Murray be rated for May I point out that the policy advocated by your corre that?-Yours, etc., ETHEL M. HEATH. spondents has already been carried out with striking success in Liverpool. this country ? The finc establishments for certain classes of the mentally defective have brought happiness to those for whom THE FALSE ISOLATION OF MUSIC they were designed and, what is perhaps more surprising, have proved to be self-supporting or nearly so. The same may be To the Editor of THE NEW STATESMAN. said of that brisk and happy village settlement established for the tuberculous at Papworth, which is a good example of what SIR,-I should like to comment on Mr. Turner's stimulating article on “ The False Isolation of Music.” His comparison can be done on these lines for a rather unpromising class of the between the meaning possessed by the letters j. o. y. in literature, “unfit.” Experience therefore warrants us in believing that colonies run upon right lines are not unhappy places, and that and by C E G in music, seems to me to be fallacious. The two they may be also perfectly sound from an economic point of cases are not parallel ; j. o. y. means joy simply because we, or rather, the founders of our language, decided on that signifiview. cation for the three letters. In the case of music the important In my opinion these places ought not to be Government thing (quite independent of the inevitable symbolisation) is institutions, but to run upon a voluntary basis. A sheltered life that our choice of the particular intervals, which produce the and work in village communities for such sufferers will, of course, harmony, is not arbitrary, but is governed by some mysterious need State assistance. Is it more economical to enable them to law. We can see this better by continuing with Mr. Turner's become partially self-supporting, or to rely upon hospitals and argument. He tells us that the letters y, o, j mean nothing asylums, doles and poor-law relief? In addition to financial coherent, just as the notes G, E, C, considered separately, are aid, these people will need medical, educational and technical meaningless. Now, if we wished, we could make the letters skill and guidance, in taking up the smaller industries suitable n, u, p—or any other set for that matter-mean joy. But no for disabled persons, which are now happily made available by amount of wishing could make the harmonical combination the Rural Industries Intelligence Bureau and its associated implied by (say) the notes F, G, A satisfactory to our ears. Country Industries Co-operative Society. is probably true that there is an insoluble problem connected We know that final success, so far as success can be achieved, with the fact that we can express our thoughts in language at depends upon the conditions with which we surround these all, but this is much more subtle, and less immediately embarrasinjured lives. Right conditions will bring out the best that is sing, than the supposedly corresponding musical problem. in them, in contentment and productive work; wrong conditions The following quotation from Arthur Symons's essay on will take them where many war-injured men are now hopelessly Beethoven has a bearing on the argument. He says : “ Music, drifting-into discontent and total loss of their remaining as Schopenhauer has made clear to us, is not a representation capacity as citizens and workers. But no mere machinery will of the world, but an immediate voice of the world . . . There are supply these human needs. Only personal care and service on poems of Swinburne which attempt to compete with music on the part of the leaders can engender and foster those right its own ground, Tristram of Lyonesse,' for example ; and conditions and that spiritual quality which is the mark of a true they tire the ear which the music of Wagner's Tristan keeps community.-Yours, etc., R. FORTESCUE Fox. passionately alert for a whole evening. This is because music 36 Devonshire Place, W.1. comes speaking the highest wisdom in a language our reason October 25th. does not understand ; because it is older and deeper and closer to us than our reason. Music can prolong, reiterate, and deli- cately vary the ecstasy itself; and its voice is all the while speaking to us out of our own hearts.” At the same time, I partially agree with Mr. Turner when he To the Editor of THE NEW STATESMAN. comments on the imperfection of (even) music as an instrument of emotion. The greatest music has its failures and lapses SIR,--Mr. Birrell's article in your last issue shows such from sublimity. But, on the whole, it is a happier and more confusion of thought and lack of judgment that it would hardly successful art than literature, though its scope is so much narcall for comment were it not that it is calculated to mislead -Yours, etc., those of your readers who do not read Greek. October 22nd. C. D. CROMMELIN. With Mr. Birrell's complaints about the production at the New Theatre I am not concerned. For his complaint against Euripides that he has made Medea THE SECRET OF BARLOW “an impossible monster of a woman,” it can only be said that Euripides has done nothing of the kind. He found her a monster To the Editor of The New STATESMAN. in the savage old story and he has left her to us a deeply Sır,-In the current number of The New STATESMAN your wronged and embittered woman, with whom we sympathise, reviewer thinks that an answer is needed to Mgr. Barnes's recent as against her cold and self-complacent husband. It is only book on Anglican Orders. He thinks Mgr. Barnes proves that when she turns her revengeful feelings into deeds that we are the Lambeth Register has been tampered with. To me the horrified by her. But the murder was in the conventional fresh evidence as to the mutilation of the Roll in the Record story and could not be left out. Office was much more impressive. But on the whole question Mr. Birrell complains of Professor Gilbert Murray that the may I refer your readers to the forthcoming number of The latter is “ displeased with the admirable baldness of Euripides.” Journal of Theological Studies, in which will be found a full But baldness, which may be admirable in Greek, becomes stupid review of the book by Mr. C. Jenkins, Librarian of Lambeth ? in English, when all the suggestiveness is lost, which made the Mr. Jenkins is not one, like your reviewer, to whom the name bald Greek admirable. of Barlow suggests at first thoughts a famous cricketer ; but Granted that Professor Murray tries to carry over so much I think that anyone who reads his article will be convinced that that he sometimes carries over things that are only distantly all who were concerned in the matter of the consecration suggested or not there at all for most of us, yet even in the of Barlow played the ancient game of making bishops according second passage Mr. Birrell quotes the words he notes as to its rules. So we must still wait for the final reductio ad gratuitous insertions” could all be justified. absurdum of the ecclesiastical theory that blocks the way to Often it is by such gratuitous insertions that Professor the reunion of the Church of England and its Nonconformist Murray preserves something entirely essential, e.g., we might members.-Yours, etc., J. F. BETHUNE-BAKER. complain of 23 Cranmer Road, Cambridge. Page 26
MARK TWAIN with a gold-miner. He may forfeit his friends' respect, his beloved's affection, his own pride even-but an artist is conThe Ordeal of Mark Twain. By Van Wyck BROOKS. Heinemann. tinually called upon to sacrifice these. Why was it that Mark 12s. 6d. Twain, though he often cursed his choice, always elected to It is the tragedy of all artists that they have to earn their go with the mob, to satisfy public opinion, to forsake, as Mr. bread and butter, and it is a good thing if they do not forget Brooks puts it, his vocation as the great American satirist, and that this need at least they share with the rest of mankind. How become the funny man of big business bosses ? ever separate and superior an artist may be, he cannot escape The answer is twofold. First, it is that he had to live-and hunger and thirst, and the extent to which he realises imagi even then in America there was a quite undue importance natively his kinship therein to his fellows may not unfairly be attached to wealth. It was the Gilded Age. As a pilot on the taken as the measure of an artist's value. In his brilliant Mississippi, Mark Twain earned 250 dollars a month. He was analysis of the causes which made Mark Twain miss supreme happy then, for his artistic genius had an outlet which only self-expression and the best service he might have given to those ignorant both of æsthetics and of pilotry would call nonmankind, Mr. Brooks occasionally forgets that much which he artistic. The Civil War came, and Mark learned he was no laments or denounces is not peculiar to Mark Twain or to the soldier ; learned that he did not even possess the intelligent fact that he was born in the United States, but is common to patience to know on which side his feelings really were. After human nature. With that reservation, The Ordeal of Mark the war came pioneering and authorship. To be an author at Twain may be heartily praised as one of the most careful and all was odd. To be anything but a facetious author, a comic subtle studies of an artist which have been produced in our time. journalist, was unthinkable. You earned more that way : In delineation of character and in the discernment of the effect and you did not forfeit the proud position of being a good fellow of others and of environment on character Mr. Brooks' essay everybody's neighbour.” There was no part in Mark is as remarkable a piece of work as was Mr. Strachey's Queen Twain's life, so far as we know, when it even seemed to him Victoria. possible to choose a poorly-paid job in preference to a wellHis contention is a simple one. Mr. Brooks argues that paid one, because the former would give him more scope and Mark Twain was a man of extreme sensitiveness, a natural leave him with more respect. Secondly, his worship of business opponent of big business, industrialism and social conventions, success got a tremendous ally when Samuel Langhorne Clemens a great satirist, a man who had it in him to be the equal of the fell in love with Olivia Langdon. I think Mr. Brooks is a little great prophetic satirists, men such as Rabelais or Dickens. hard on Mrs. Clemens, and a little unimaginative in his harsh In his early youth his mother, during his manhood his wife and emphasis on only one side of her marriage. He is inclined to Howells and other friends, in his old age the weakness which blame her, when he should blame Mark Twain. What should his acquiescence had encouraged in him, prevented him from we think of a Robert Browning who agreed with Mr. Barrett's ever fulfilling his natural vocation. Mark Twain suffered from a treatment of his daughter, who would insist to Elizabeth continued suppression. At times he broke free-gloriously in that she owed allegiance and obedience to Papa, refuse to Huckleberry Finn and Captain Stormfeld ; bitterly in The Man consider a clandestine marriage, and who, perhaps, after some that Corrupted Hadleyburgh ; but never as effectively as he lengthy probation, had gone to live in Mr. Barrett's house as might have done had he rebelled earlier against the influence Mr. Barrett's son-in-law ? That is virtually what Mark Twain which curbed and checked him, refused to sacrifice his sense did. He was that most embarrassing of all human phenomena, of artistic truth to the loyalties of home and convention. Now a genius whose doubt of himself was not immediately dissipated there may be a few people, acquainted with a good deal of by the ignorant criticism of outsiders. Many men of genius, Mark Twain's history, but insufficiently acquainted with the perhaps the greatest, have moments of great despair about their facts of his life, his letters and a few private writings, who are talent; but I doubt if there is another instance on record of a unaware that there was any struggle in his life. Mr. Brooks' man of Mark Twain's size allowing himself to be dragooned and essay can hardly leave them unconvinced. He quotes, with a scolded and counselled by inferior people. It was not Livvy's remorseless pertinacity, from Mark Twain's letters, from those fault. It was his. He ought to have imposed his standards odd, semi-philosophical writings of his old age, enough material on her and her father. He ought to have kicked her unspeakto prove that here was a man whose spiritual self was profoundly able brother who, after introducing Mark to the family, was so and always unsatisfied ; a man who felt that he had done mortified at the prospect of his sister's marriage to a genius that himself an outrage, and in violent repulsion and regret outrages he left for a voyage round the world in order to avoid the wedding. and abuses the standard and the ideal he failed to reach. Mr. But Mark Twain had in him a fatal weakness—perhaps due, Brooks is not the first to make this comment on Mark Twain's as Mr. Brooks thinks, to his mother's influence, but perhaps extraordinary career ; other critics have noticed the vehement inherited from her character. Old Mrs. Clemens, we are told, duality of his nature, and have explained it in a not dissimilar if she ever “ had to drown kittens, warmed the water first.” way. What makes Mr. Brooks' essay so valuable is the wealth Mark Twain always warmed the water first; and too often, of the material he gives us, and his very great familiarity-a while he was warming the water, the kittens escaped, and he familiarity no non-American could have—with the world in had his trouble for nothing. He could not bear hurting people's which Mark Twain lived. Mr. Brooks gives a vivid analysis feelings. He would yield anything to those he loved ; and in of the pioneer life, which Mark Twain shared, hated, praised so yielding he gradually made himself incapable of producing and never forgot : the gifts to which love has a right, of which alone love is worthy. Livvy had a right to be educated by her husband ; but instead Free as that society was, nevertheless, scarcely any normal instinct could have been expressed or satisfied in it. The pioneers of getting any education, instead of learning the truth, she was indulged and obeyed by a man who might have shown her the were not primitive men, they were civilised men, often of gentle birth and education, men for whom civilisation had implied many beauty of freedom and truth. The ordeal of Mark Twain was restraints, of course, but innumerable avenues also of social and the tragedy of Olivia Clemens. personal expression and activity to which their natures were What, then, remains ? There are passages in Mr. Brooks' accustomed. There were so few women among them, for essay where I feel that he, too, is a New Englander, that he is a instance, that their sexual lives were either starved or debased ; little too persistently and industriously serious. For instance, and children were as rare as the “Luck” of Roaring Camp, a he makes great play with Mark Twain's expressed contempt for story that shows how hysterical, in consequence of these and similar art, his extreme ignorance and extreme positiveness about artconditions, the mining population was. Those who were accus- arguing that this, too, is evidence of his suppressed wishes. There tomed to the exercise of complex tastes and preferences found is something in it; but he stresses it too much. It is a common themselves obliged to conform to a single monotonous routine. desire of some artists to be mistaken for something other than The situation of the pioneers was an impossible one, but they are--Congreve had it, so had Scott, so had Byron and victims as they were of their own thirst for gold, they could not possibly Shakespeare. Again, after showing, and very conwithdraw from it; and their masculine pride prevented them even clusively, that Mark Twain suppressed a very great capacity from openly complaining or criticising it. In this respect for satire in order to become a funny man, Mr. Brooks sometimes their position was precisely parallel to that of soldiers in the misses the fun. There is one glaring instance of this. He is trenches ; they were always on the verge of laughter, which urging that Mark Twain esteemed inventors, mechanicians, philosophers generally agree in calling a relief from restraint. almost any competent human being above poets, and he writes : It would be fair to object to the last sentence that the pioneers' On the occasion of Walt Whitman's seventieth birthday, Mark precisely parallel to that of position, though akin, is not Twain expressed, in a way, his opinion of such people. He soldiers. Although ultimately what keeps an army in the congratulated the poet for having lived in an age that had witfield is a moral effort, a pride if you wish, based on a hope nessed, among other benefactions, “the amazing, infinitely varied it is also true that, if an individual soldier wishes to withdraw, and innumerable products of coal-tar”; he neglected to conhe can only do so at the cost of his life. This is not the case gratulate the age for having produced Walt Whitman. |
Apa fungsi face play di line
Pos Terkait
Copyright © 2024 adaberapa Inc.
