Tahapan dalam merencanakan pengkabelan horizontal langkah-langkah yang tepat adalah

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Posted by: Student Terpelajar

Perencanaan Kabel Secara Terstruktur -  Perencanaan kabel secara terstruktur sangat diperlukan pada saat perancangan desain jaringan yang akan dibuat. Hal ini penting mengingat bahwa kabel-kabel, konektor-konektor dan pekerjaan penarikannya membutuhkan waktu dan sumber daya yang tidak sedikit. Jadi bisa dibayangkan apabila saat sudah selesai pekerjaan baru diketahui ternyata ada ketidakcocokan atau ketidaksesuaian dengan kebutuhan. 

Tujuan Perkabelan terstruktur 

1. Menentukan sistem kabel yang dipakai 
2. Untuk memungkinkan perencanaan dan instalasi kabel selama konstruksi / renovasi 
3. Menetapkan persyaratan kinerja 
4. Independen aplikasi 
5. Pentingnya pengkabelan terstruktur 
6. Memberikan fleksibilitas 
7. Mendukung lingkungan yang beragam 
8. Memastikan bahwa dapat diandalkan, kinerja tinggi 
9. Memungkinkan untuk bergerak cepat, menambahkan, perubahan 

Elemen Perkabelan Terstruktur 

1. Horizontal Cabling 
2. Backbone Cabling 
3. Area Kerja(WorkArea) 
4. Ruang Telekomunikasi(Telecomunication Room) 
5. Ruangan Peralatan (Equipment Room) 
6. Entrace Facilities 
7. Administration(TIA/EIA-606)

Elemen Pengkabelan Terstruktur

Horizontal Cabling (Pengkabelan Horizontal)

Sistem pengkabelan horizontal terdiri dari kabel-kabel yang tersusun secara horizontal, terminasi mekanikal, dan patch cords (jumper). Pengertian horizontal disini adalah sistem pengkabelan akan berjalan secara horizontal baik diatas lantai ataupun di bawah atap. Ada beberapa servis atau system yang harus diperhatikan ketika mendesain suatu sistem pengkabelan secara horizontal, yaitu: 

1. Servis telekomunikasi meliputi suara, modem dan faksimile 
2. Perlengkapan dasar switching 
3. Koneksi manajemen komputer dan telekomunikasi 
4. Koneksi keyboard/video/mouse (KVM) 
5. Komunikasi data 
6. Wide Area Jaringan (WAN) 
7. Local Area Jaringan (LAN) 
8. Storage Area Jaringan (SAN) 

Sistem pemberian isyarat lainnya pada gedung (seperti kebakaran, keamana, energi, HVAC, EMS, dan lainnya). Sistem pengkabelan secara horizontal dapat dibuat dalam bentuk under-floor atau overhead. Topologi yang dapat dipasang pada horizontal cabling pada data center adalah topologi star, maksudnya adalah Jarak yang ditempuh pada sistem pengkabelan horizontal. 

Backbone Cabling 

Fungsi dari sistem pengkabelan backbone adalah untuk menyediakan koneksi antara main distribution area, horizontal distribution area, dan merupakan entrance area. Sistem pengkabelan backbone terdiri dari kabel backbone, main cross-connect, horizontal cross-connect, terminasi mekanikal, dan patch cord (jumper) yang digunakan untuk koneksi silang backbone-tobackbone. Sistem pengkabelan secara backbone harus mendukung kebutuhan konektivitas yang berbeda, misalnya LAN, WAN, SAN, saluran komputer, dan koneksi console perangkat. Pada dasarnya performansi transmisi tergantung dari karakteristik kabel, perangkat keras yang terhubung, patch cord dan kabel cross-connect, jumlah koneksi, dan perlakuan fisik terhadap kabel tersebut. Cara pengamanan media transmisi jaringan (pengkabelan) yang benar yaitu: 

1. Planning

sebelum kita melakukan pengkabelan alangkah sebaiknya kita membuat rencana agar pengkabelan yang akan kita lakukan tidak mengalami kendala. 

2. Grounding

merupakan sebuah upaya keamanan dengan cara penanaman kabel ke dalam tanah untuk menghilangkan beda potensial antara logam yang teraliri arus listrik dengan tanah. 

3. Wiring Closet

adalah tempat dimana jaringan dimulai. Semua kabel akan bermuara di wiring closet . Terletak disebuah tempat dimana semua kabel terkumpul. Wiring closet yaitu sebuah ruangan kecil yang biasanya ditemukan pada bangunan kelembagaan seperti sekolah dan kantor, di mana sambungan listrik dilakukan. Sedangkan yang digunakan untuk berbagai tujuan, penggunaan yang paling umum adalah untuk jaringan komputer. Banyak jenis koneksi jaringan untuk menetapkan batas jarak antara peralatan pengguna akhir seperti PC, akses perangkat pada jaringan, seperti router. Pembatasan ini mungkin memerlukan beberapa wiring closet di setiap lantai gedung besar. Penempatan wiring closet juga sangat penting agar jaringan dapat terkoneksi tanpa masalah. 

4. Horizontal 

kabel yang menghubungkan host/computer ke 1 wiring closet(antara cross – connect panel di satu wiring closet) sering menggunakan 100 ohm, 4 pair, UTP, solid conductor cable, ditentukan dalam standart ANSI/TIA/EIA – 568 untuk komersial bangunan. 

5. Backbone Cable 

adalah kabel yang menghubungkan wiring closet satu dengan wiring closet yang lain atau pusat connection point dapat menggunakan 100 ohm UTP , 62.5/125 – micron atau 50/125 – micron multimode fiber optic, atau 8.3/125 – micron singlemode fiber optic. 

6. Conduit

adalah pelindung kabel berbentuk pipa atau kotak melindungi sepanjang kabel. Dapat terbuat dari material metal ataupun plastik. Yang terbuat dari metal bersifat kaku , sedangkan yang terbuat dari plastik bersifat fleksibel / lentur. Conduit terbentang antara area kerja menuju wiring closet. Dalam pengisian kabel, harus disisakan ruang kosong dalam conduit sebesar 40% dari kapastitas conduit. Dapat dipakai di rute horizontal cable ataupun backbone cable. Cable tray sebagai alternatif dari conduit. Mempunyai fungsi yang sama dengan conduit berbentuk seperti rak yang menopang kabel dan membentuk jalur. Perbedaan antara conduit dengan cable tray adalah jika cable tray adalah conduit yang mempunyai rongga sehingga memudahkan untuk penggantian kabel apabila ada kerusakan.

7. Wall plate

adalah penanaman kabel di dalam dinding agar pengkabelan menjadi lebih rapi.

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